Connecting the dots: Crime rates and criminal justice evaluation research

The National Research Council’s report on evaluating anticrime programs contains sensible suggestions for improving evaluation research in criminal justice but neglects the important role of substantive theory in linking evaluations of anticrime initiatives to variation in crime rates across time and place. A working knowledge of crime rates is essential for designing and evaluating anticrime programs. This essay calls for the development of a policy evaluation infrastructure that would support the continuous monitoring of crime rates, generate knowledge of crime-producing conditions, and link evaluation research findings to one another and to expected policy outcomes, notably crime reduction.

续论钱大昕的考史之“学”

钱大昕考史之"学"浩博,纵的方面已超越同时代的其他考据大师,学逾三代,通贯古今;横的方面尤重官制、舆地、氏族谱牒之学,还把精通方志、金石、避讳之学等,作为基本的知识储备,使它们都成了善事(指考史)之利器.此前笔者曾作文详论,限于篇幅,未能对方志、金石、避讳学在钱大昕考史中的作用予以评述.若以此定格,非但失于完整,而且不够充分.故特为前篇作续,缀文以求补遗.     

A Meta-Analysis of Race and Sentencing Research: Explaining the Inconsistencies

Numerous studies have addressed the question: Are African-Americans treated more harshly than similarly situated whites? This research employs meta-analysis to synthesize this body of research. One-hundred-sixteen statistically independent contrasts were coded from 71 published and unpublished studies. Coded study and contextual features are used to explain variation in research findings. Analyses indicate that African-Americans generally are sentenced more harshly than whites; the magnitude of this race effect is statistically significant but small and highly variable. Larger estimates of unwarranted disparity are found in contrasts that examine drug offenses, imprisonment or discretionary decisions, do not pool cases from several smaller jurisdictions, utilize imprecise measures, or omit key variables. Yet, even when consideration is confined to those contrasts employing key controls and precise measures of key variables, unwarranted racial disparities persists. Further, a substantial proportion of variability in study results is explained by study factors, particularly methodological factors.     

日据初期日本在台湾的宗教调查及其宗教政策——以佛教调查为中心的考察

日本据台初期,非官方和官方组织了一系列以佛教为中心的宗教调查.这些调查涉及日本佛教在台的布教、台湾寺庙僧侣、台湾原有习俗信仰、台湾佛教历史发展等.在调查的基础上,日据当局形成了其初期的宗教政策,即对来台的日本佛教加以有限的控制和限制,对台湾旧有宗教实行有限的"放任主义",是其"旧惯温存"政治统治政策的体现.日据初期的宗教政策,确立了日据当局对台湾宗教发展的统辖地位,影响了台湾传统佛教的发展方向,开拓了日本佛教以后在台湾的发展空间     

《大学》的义理性格

经过多方求证,可以认定《大学》的单独成书是在南宋孝宗年间。通过对《大学》义理的纲要即“三纲领”和“八条目”的内涵分析,“格物”是成就工夫的起点。对“格物”,不同时期和不同儒者有不同的理解,但体现出一个发展的方向。     

坚持理论创新，打造平安辽宁——写在2004年“盼盼杯”大奖赛之后

全省政法系统以执法、司法人员为主体,以邓小平民主与法制思想研究为主旨的优秀理论研究成果大奖赛活动,已成功举办了七届,年年有新意.2004年的"盼盼杯"大奖赛坚持与时俱进的理论创新精神,紧紧围绕振兴辽宁老工业基地这个主旋律,积极为打造公平高效的法治环境建言献策.     

我国特大城市政府管理体制创新的对策研究

特大城市在我国对外开放和区域经济社会发展中扮演着举足轻重的角色,应在创新政府管理体制方面发挥先导和示范作用,为提升中国政府的整体管理水平和能力,构建社会主义和谐社会作出应有的贡献。本文以我国特大城市政府管理体制创新为研究视角,选取上海这个我国沿海最大的开放城市、经济增长最快的地区之一作为研究对象,从贯彻科学发展观的要求,树立“以人为本”的政府管理理念;加快政府职能转变,优化政府职能配置;推进政府管理方式创新,提高服务质量和行政效率;深化行政审批制度改革,规范审批行为和权力;完善依法行政体系,提高依法行政水平和能力;继续深化政府机构改革,调整机构设置和理顺部门职能分工等六个方面提出特大城市政府管理体制创新的若干对策和建议。     

Youth and generation in South African history*

In recent years, “the youth” have captured (or perhaps recaptured) public attention in South Africa. This paper reflects on South Africa’s experience of generational conflict and places it in the broader context of South African history. After attempting to define “youth,” this paper makes two key points. First, far from being a recent development, generational tension has been a continuous feature of Southern African history since at least the late nineteenth century. Second, organized political mobilization is not the way this tension usually manifests itself. Mass youth politics is a specific phenomenon, which needs to be explained historically rather than assumed. The paper focuses on three historical examples to illustrate this: early migrant labor in South Africa, the formation of urban youth gangs, and the sustained youth uprising from 1976 until the early 1990s. It concludes with a tentative attempt to draw some parallels between that phase of rebellion and recent student upheavals.     

总体国家安全观视域下的国家安全学理论研究十年回眸

中国学界对国家安全学理论的研究可以追溯到20世纪90年代。2014年总体国家安全观提出以后,国家安全学理论研究有了根本遵循,标志着国家安全学理论研究进入新时代。2024年,在总体国家安全观提出十周年之际,中国学界对国家安全学理论的研究,形成了以总体国家安全观研究为先导、加快国家安全学及其学科理论研究和推进中国本土化国家安全学自主理论体系探究的新格局。总体国家安全观内涵不断丰富和深化,国家安全学研究对象和学科定位日益清晰明确,国家安全学理论本土化进一步彰显,国家安全学理论构建日趋完善,国家安全学一级学科建设稳步推进。虽然国家安全学一级学科建设起步较晚,国家安全学理论研究存在一些短板,但当今世界之变、时代之变和历史之变的步伐逐渐加快,中国面临的安全挑战前所未有,需要国家安全学理论研究有所作为,作出应有的历史贡献。为此,中国学界需要做“深”国家安全学基础理论研究,拓展国家安全学理论研究的厚度和深度;做“专”领域国家安全学理论研究,强化国家安全学理论研究的广度;做“强”工具国家安全学理论研究,凸显国家安全学理论研究的实效性。     

浅谈学生社团对高校学生公民精神的培养

学生社团是培养高校学生公民精神的一个主要路径,不应只成为象牙塔深处的一个亮点,应充当校园内外交流的平台,积极开展各种活动,给广大学生一个锻炼、展示的舞台和机会,并通过社团与社团间的沟通,实现校与校的联系,学生与学生的沟通,在相互接触中,取长补短,共同发展。同时,学生管理部门、学生会等组织要加强自身的服务意识,为社团的发展创造良好的环境和条件。