骗取贷款与贷款诈骗犯罪界定问题研究

正确界定骗取贷款和贷款诈骗犯罪这两类案件,对于有力打击经济犯罪、维护金融秩序,以及限制刑事司法权的盲目扩张、保护民事主体的经济自主权,具有重要的现实意义.本文从司法实践的应用角度出发,通过对骗取贷款和贷款诈骗两类犯罪的形式区分,深入到实质界定,并结合损失数额的厘定,最终归纳界定这两类犯罪的明确思路和方法.     

中国与新加坡个人所得税制度的比较与借鉴

文章在纳税人居民与非居民身份的判定标准、税制模式、征税对象、费用扣除、税率的比较等方面对中国与新加坡个人所得税制度进行比较和分析,指出新加坡个人所得税制度的优点对我国的借鉴和启示。     

College students’ perceptions of police use of force: do suspect race and ethnicity matter?

Incidents of police use of force continue to draw a considerable amount of attention from both researchers and the public alike. The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between suspect race and ethnicity and perceptions of police use of force among college students. Using a vignette research design with manipulated independent variables, this study seeks to answer the question: Do suspect race and ethnicity affect college students’ perceptions of police use of force? Three vignettes were developed regarding an incident in which an encounter between a suspect and a police officer resulted in the officer using force. College students were randomly assigned to one of the three vignettes and were asked to complete a questionnaire. Results indicate that although suspect race and ethnicity do not predict perceptions of police use of force among college students, there are significant respondent race and gender effects. Male and white respondents are significantly more likely to perceive police use of force as justified compared to female and non-white respondents. The policy implications of these findings for police-citizen interactions are discussed.     

基层公安民警手枪实战训练模式探析

依法使用武器是公安民警保护自身安全的重要手段。基层公安民警武器训练与实战存在着一定的差距,不同受训对象之间也存在差异,应改进公安机关的武器训练架构,对参训民警开展有针对性的分层次武器操作训练模式,借鉴发达地区的武器训练模式,提高民警的武器操作水平,以促进公安民警规范武器使用训练和操作程序。     

虚拟社区意识、使用行为与移动政务平台持续使用

移动政务是政府面向公众提供公共服务的新模式,如何使移动政务平台被公众接受并持续使用是政府在数字时代应关注的一个重点。采用虚拟社区意识理论(SOVC)以及技术采纳与利用整合模型(UTAUT2),利用一项上海市问卷调查数据,运用结构方程模型探究虚拟社区意识在移动政务平台使用行为与持续使用中的作用机理。研究结果表明,虚拟社区意识与移动政务平台使用行为之间的直接联系是显著的,虚拟社区意识与移动政务平台持续使用意愿之间呈正相关,而移动政务平台的使用行为与持续使用意愿没有显著相关性。基于研究结果与现有的理论基础,探讨对我国移动政务建设的启示与对未来研究的展望。     

Prevalence and blood concentrations of benzodiazepines and opioids in opioid-positive death investigations in Ontario,Canada, from 2017 to 2021

The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of benzodiazepines in opioid-positive death investigations, including trends in frequency and combination of drugs, as well as demographic data and blood concentrations, where available. Additionally, naloxone concentrations in polysubstance compared to opioid-only cases were analyzed. This was a retrospective study that consisted of all post-mortem toxicology cases in Ontario, Canada, from January 01, 2017, to December 31, 2021, with an opioid finding in any analyzed autopsy specimen. There were 11,033 death investigations identified. The overall rate of benzodiazepine co-involvement was 54.5%. Males accounted for the majority of cases (71%), and the most affected age group was 30- to 39-year-olds. The most frequently detected opioid was fentanyl and the most frequently detected benzodiazepine was etizolam, which was also the most frequently observed opioid/benzodiazepine combination. Findings related to differences in concentrations of opioids when naloxone was also present were mostly non-significant, except for methadone. The rate of benzodiazepine detection with opioids grew faster than opioid detections overall, potentially due to the increasingly toxic drug supply. Detection of novel psychoactive drugs fluctuated more unpredictably than opioids and benzodiazepines associated with clinical use. These findings can help inform policy decisions by public health agencies in exploring harm reduction efforts, for example, education and drug-checking services.     

Identification of the veterinary sedative medetomidine in combination with opioids and xylazine in Maryland

Public health, public safety, and forensic science personnel continue to face the emergence of new compounds into the drug market. While focus is often put on the detection of new analogs of known illicit drugs, monitoring the changes in cutting agents and other compounds can be equally as important. Over the last year, near real-time monitoring of the drug supply in Maryland has been completed through a public health–public safety partnership whereby residue from suspected drug packaging or used paraphernalia is collected and analyzed. Through this project, we have recently detected the presence of the veterinary sedative medetomidine in a small number of samples. The presence of medetomidine has been identified in both public health and law enforcement samples and in the presence of fentanyl and xylazine—another veterinary sedative that has been widely observed over the last year. While the rate at which medetomidine has been detected remains low, it is concerning and worthy of continued monitoring.     

从警察被打死也不敢开枪案引发的法律思考

从乘警宁可被打死也不敢开枪的案例来看,警察不敢开枪有其主客观原因.其中刑事法律缺乏对警察履行职责行为的特殊保护,警察使用武器的有关规定缺乏可操作性,导致实践中警察无法准确掌握依法使用武器的法定条件,是警察有枪不敢开的客观原因;一些警察因为违法使用枪支而被追究法律责任,则使警察主观上不愿和不敢使用武器.应完善有关法律和制度,确保民警敢于依法正确使用武器.     

The Importance of Microscopic Examination of the Lungs in Decedents with Sustained Central Intravascular Catheters: A Nine‐Case Series

Indwelling intravascular catheters provide convenient access to healthcare personnel and also recreational intravenous drug users who inject suspensions of oral medications. A nine‐case series of autopsies of clinically stable decedents with indwelling catheters and sudden death is herein presented. Pulmonary histologic findings were consistent with intravenous administration of oral medications in all cases. In eight, the mechanism of death was directly attributed to occlusive vascular embolization of foreign material, with or without contribution of acute drug toxicity. In one, the mechanism of death was solely attributed to acute drug toxicity. Acute, massive embolization of foreign material may explain sudden death by vascular obstruction, whereas chronic repeated injections lead to obliteration of the pulmonary vasculature, increased pulmonary vascular resistance, and cardiac failure. Therefore, a complete autopsy with histologic examination of the lungs and toxicology testing is recommended in patients with indwelling catheters to determine the cause and mechanism of death.     

Supports for Families Affected by Substance Abuse

Using an in-home services program model, Project Connect works collaboratively with the child welfare system, substance abuse treatment providers, the courts, and other community agencies to support parental recovery, enhance safety and permanency, and strengthen family relationships. Results from the most recent evaluation of the program, which used a dosage level design to examine project outcomes for 415 families, are presented here. Data indicate that the program was particularly helpful in strengthening parenting capacity. Child safety and permanency were also positively correlated with program participation.