我国恐怖活动发展趋势分析

当前,随着国际、国内形势的发展,我国遭受恐怖活动袭击的可能性在逐渐增大。为加强对恐怖活动的防范与打击,有必要结合国内外恐怖活动的现状,对我国恐怖活动的发展趋势进行全方位的分析。     

警察活动之基本观念--公民对警察之期待与行政关系三面性

传统警察法学关于警察权界限的论述仅注意到防止警察权过度行使的问题,而大多未从行使警察权以保护一般公民利益的观点来出发。鉴于近来被害者问题逐渐受到重视,警察活动还应从公民对警察之期待与行政关系之三面性来探讨今后警察活动的基本方向。     

Intensity and Breadth of Participation in Organized Activities During the Adolescent Years: Multiple Associations with Youth Outcomes

The goal of this study was to examine initial levels and rates of change in the intensity and breadth of participation in organized activities during the adolescent years, and how these participation practices were related to youth outcomes in later adolescence. The main objectives were (a) to examine growth curves of intensity and breadth of participation from Grades 7 through 11 and their interrelations, and (b) to test the associations between these dimensions of participation and academic orientation, risky behaviors, internalizing problems, and civic development in Grade 11. A homogenous sample of 299 youth (mean age = 13.37, SD = .41; 62% girls) were surveyed annually using questionnaires and phone interviews. The main results revealed that (a) even though both intensity and breadth of participation decreased over time, intensity of participation showed steeper declines by later grades, and (b) initial levels of participation were better predictors of later outcomes than rates of change over time. Regardless of the levels of change taking place over time, results revealed that youth with high initial levels of participation (both intensity and breadth) were more committed to school and developed more positive values towards society by Grade 11 than those who participated less. This might suggest that a high level of participation during early-to-mid-adolescence is particularly important when it comes to later outcomes.     

中国青年志愿服务发展的演进脉络

上世纪50年代的青年志愿垦荒活动是中国青年志愿服务的雏形;上世纪60年代兴起的学雷锋活动是计划经济时代青年志愿服务存在的最基本方式,青年志愿服务活动在彰显雷锋精神的情况下缓慢发展;上世纪90年代初期,中国青年志愿旗号的打出,青年志愿服务的广泛开展,标志着现代青年志愿服务的真正兴起;北京奥运会为中国志愿服务的发展提供了一个难得的历史机遇,中国青年志愿服务借助这一盛事获得进一步的发展。     

When Killers Become Victims: Diversionary War,Human Rights,and Strategic Target Selection

The diversionary theory largely focuses on the incentives leaders have to use force. However, little attention has been given to the characteristics that make for a good target. We argue that US presidents choose targets that repress human rights since they are the easiest to sell to international and domestic audiences. By targeting repressive states US presidents can justify their use of force by cloaking their motivation in the language of human rights, responding to calls for intervention, pointing to the failure of international actors and institutions to resolve these problems, and building upon emerging norms that allow for intervention in repressive states. Updating US Use of Force data, we empirically test and find support for our hypothesis that presidents target human rights abusers when they face trouble at home. This paper contributes to target selection process by offering a complete theory of diversionary conflict accounting for cost/benefit calculation of presidents. Moreover, we believe that our findings reveal human rights practices’ role in international conflict, as well.     

LOW SELF‐CONTROL,ROUTINE ACTIVITIES,AND FRAUD VICTIMIZATION*

Recent research has used both routine activity/lifestyle frameworks and self‐control theory to explain victimization. Thus far, combined tests of these theories have focused on offending populations and street crime victimization. Whether these frameworks also explain exposure to and likelihood of nonviolent victimization (e.g., fraud) in general‐population samples remains an open empirical question. Building on prior work, we assess the independent effects of routine consumer activities (i.e., remote purchasing) and low self‐control on the likelihood of fraud targeting and victimization. Using a representative sample of 922 adults from a statewide survey in Florida, the results confirm our expectation that remote‐purchasing activities increase consumers' risk of being targeted for fraud. Low self‐control has no effect on whether consumers are targeted, but it does significantly increase the likelihood of fraud victimization.     

Commercial activities and copyright in Australian universities

With government funding for most Australian universities below 60% and falling a major strategic emphasis for universities has been on securing other sources of operating revenue, including commercial opportunities and partnerships. The implication of increasing commercial activities such as non-award and tailored professional programmes, contract research and consultancies within a university environment raises a number of issues in relation to copyright. This paper will discuss whether the educational provisions (including section 200AB introduced in the 2006 amendments) or the fair dealing provisions within the Copyright Act could be applied if copyright material is reproduced as part of a commercial activity undertaken by a university.     

生育文明指标体系初探

生育文明是人类文明的重要组成部分。研究和制定生育文明指标体系具有现实指导意义。生育文明指标体系制定的原则包括系统性、客观性、动态性和可操作性。生育文明指标体系主要由生育观念文明度、生育科技文明度、生育制度文明度和生育文明可持续度等四部分组成。     

“依法执法”观念的深入思考——以城管执法为例的剖析

城市的临商现象是社会发展到一定阶段的必然产物,与市场经济制度结伴而生。透过对临商现象城管执法的分析不难看出,行政执法活动必须注意执法的经济环境和影响的作用,脱离经济条件的决定作用,孤立的谈依法行政、严格执法,其结果一方面会导致法之不行、损害法律的严肃性、权威性;另一方面也会导致执法者与被执法者的矛盾、对立和冲突。固此,要从经济社会发展的现实需要出发,制定相应的、切实可行的执法原则、执法方略,以有效应对这一社会现象。     

新中国成立以来长征纪念活动述论

1934年至1936年的红军长征,是中国共产党和中国人民解放军历史上的重大事件,在中国历史以至世界历史上也都具有重要影响。在中国革命史上,长征发挥了打通门径、扭转时局、推动历史的关键作用,也因此成为中国共产党的重要政治资源,并在经济、文化、社会等领域产生了重大而深远的影响。新中国成立70多年来,党和国家举行了一系列长征纪念活动,总体而言纪念规格越来越高,社会影响越来越大,活动内容日趋丰富,社会功能愈加彰显。长征纪念活动既是带有很强政治属性的一种仪式和象征,也是新中国历史发展演变的一个窗口和缩影。通过对长征纪念活动的考察和分析,可以帮助我们更准确地扪摸马克思主义中国化时代化大众化的脉动,更深刻地认识党和国家历史发展的走向。