Investigation of Reproducibility and Error Associated with qPCR Methods using Quantifiler® Duo DNA Quantification Kit*

Abstract: Reproducibility of quantitative PCR results is dependent on the generation of consistent calibration curves via accurate volume transfers and instrument performance. A review of 14 standard curves, using two different QuantDuo^® standard DNA lots, showed variability of cycle threshold values between assays were larger than those of the Internal PCR Control (IPC). This prompted a set of experiments designed to determine the source of variability. Results showed that error introduced during DNA addition to the plate resulted in little variation. A comparison of seven independent series demonstrated cycle threshold variation between dilutions was larger than the variation expected from repeated samples. Modeling the influence of pipette errors on dilution series accuracy indicated that a more rigorous approach to external calibration curve production is required and showed that improvement in calibration curve stability is expected if the pipette conditions are carefully chosen and/or a single validated curve is utilized as the calibrator.     

论审前程序改革对我国证据制度的影响——兼评举证时限制度在我国的确立

审前程序的改革一直是民事诉讼法学探讨的前沿问题,也是司法实践中亟待解决的重要问题。随着我国《证据规定》的颁布和实施,我国的审前程序得到了完善和发展,对我国的证据制度也产生了重要影响。我国已初步确立了举证时限、证据交换等制度,但也存在需要完善之处。     

有效把握时间的领导艺术

时间之重要,人人都知道。尤其作为领导者,对"寸金难买寸光阴"这句话的体会更为深刻。从某种意义上说,能否充分利用时间,关系到工作的成败。对领导者来说,能否利用好时间关系到管理工作的水平和质量。做到合理利用时间是领导者应该学习和关注的大问题,同时也是必须把握的一门领导艺术。     

ANALYSIS OF MEDIATION AGREEMENTS OF FAMILIES REPORTING SPECIFIC TYPES OF INTIMATE PARTNER ABUSE

The purpose of this study was to carefully measure Intimate Partner Abuse (IPA) behaviors among a large ( n  = 864 couples) sample of pairs of husbands and wives who were mandated to attend divorce mediation and then to: categorize the behaviors into theoretically-driven types of IPA, determine the number of cases screened out of mediation for any reason, and investigate whether measured outcomes of mediation (primary physical and legal custody) were related to IPA. Results indicated that rarely was IPA not reported—the most frequently reported IPA behavior was psychological abuse (98% of wives; 97% of husbands), followed by physical abuse (58% of wives; 54% of husbands), escalated physical abuse (62% of wives; 50% of husbands), and sexual intimidation, coercion and rape (56% of wives; 29% of husbands). Rarely were couples reporting IPA screened out of mediation (5%), and rarely were supervised parenting time or restrictions on contact between parents included in mediated agreements made by couples reporting IPA (6.5%). The overall level of IPA was unrelated to the specific terms of mediated agreements; however, by far the most frequent type of mediated agreement the couples' negotiated in mediation was for primary physical custody to go to the wife and for the husband and wife to have joint legal custody (59% of cases). Analysis of the implications of these findings and policy recommendations are included.     

论WTO争端解决的合理执行期仲裁——兼论中美知识产权案的执行对策

2009年1月12日和3月20日,WTO的DSB先后通过裁定中国有关立法或行政措施违反WTO有关协定的争端解决报告。根据WTO规则,我国应立即执行有关裁定。如立即执行不可能,则可要求一个合理执行期。如与有关争端方商定合理执行期未成,则根据DSU有关规定采用仲裁裁决该合理执行期。在概述WTO仲裁程序的基础上,着重讨论仲裁合理执行期的实践及其存在问题,从而提出我国应对合理执行期的若干建议。     

Automated DNA extraction using the QIAsymphony platform: Estimation of DNA recovery from simulated forensic stains

The aim of this study was to evaluate the forensic protocol recently developed by Qiagen for the QIAsymphony automated DNA extraction platform. Samples containing low amounts of DNA were specifically considered, since they represent the majority of samples processed in our laboratory. The analysis of simulated blood and saliva traces showed that the highest DNA yields were obtained with the maximal elution volume available for the forensic protocol, that is 200 μl. Resulting DNA extracts were too diluted for successful DNA profiling and required a concentration. This additional step is time consuming and potentially increases inversion and contamination risks. The 200 μl DNA extracts were concentrated to 25 μl, and the DNA recovery estimated with real-time PCR as well as with the percentage of SGM Plus alleles detected. Results using our manual protocol, based on the QIAamp DNA mini kit, and the automated protocol were comparable. Further tests will be conducted to determine more precisely DNA recovery, contamination risk and PCR inhibitors removal, once a definitive procedure, allowing the concentration of DNA extracts from low yield samples, will be available for the QIAsymphony.     

晚清时期东北报业评述

19世纪末,东北近代报业艰难起步。与全国大部分地区比较,晚清时期东北报业发展居于中流。日俄战争前,为东北报业的发端;从日俄战争结束,到民国成立,则为东北报业的发展时期。在十余年的发展过程中,晚清东北报业呈现官报发达、民报活跃、新闻控制严酷等特点,而正是晚清东北社会向近代化的变迁,促成了报业的发展。     

国内法庭科学中文件制成时间检验技术简析

文件制成时间的检验多年来一直是国际法庭科学的热点问题。上世纪 30年代以来 ,各国法庭科学工作者利用各种现代分析仪器对墨水字迹、圆珠笔油墨字迹形成时间进行广泛研究 ,取得了许多研究成果。我国对墨水字迹书写时间检验技术的研究起步较晚 ,始于 5 0年代 ,经过三十年的努力 ,与国外先进水平之间的差距逐步缩小。但是 ,在许多基层办案部门 ,受技术水平、仪器设备等条件的限制 ,开展该项业务还缺乏科学规范性。     

民初法官素养论略

民国初年所颁布的法规、司法法令报刊上发表的相关论文以及事实报道等基本材料表明,法官的独立品性、专业能力、经验和学识等在当时已经受到重视,并作为对法官考核的基本要求,但是这样做却未能造就符合近代司法理念的法官队伍。这显现出民初法官选任和考绩制度内在标准的某些缺失。     

老年人精神赡养方法探微

随着老年人口,特别是高龄老年人口的增多,对老年人的精神赡养问题应引起人们的高度重视。为了提高老年人的精神生活质量,本文试图从探访老年人的角度提供一些对老年人精神赡养的方法和技巧。