柏格森“直觉”、“时间”视域下的老庄生命哲学解读

柏格森以＂直觉＂为核心概念,并由此出发构筑了以＂时间＂为特点的生命哲学。从柏格森哲学的视域观察两千多年前的中国哲学,可见老庄早已运用直觉思维方式,构筑了自己超然的生命哲学思想。     

Deterrence,Firearm Arrests,and Subsequent Shootings: A Micro-Level Spatio-Temporal Analysis

Do police firearm arrests reduce later shootings in nearby locations and in the days immediately following the arrest? This question is examined at a more detailed level than in previous work in order to better describe the spatio-temporal dynamics linking these two event types. All firearm arrests (n?=?5,687) and shootings (n?=?5,870) in Philadelphia from 2004 to 2007 were analyzed using a modified close-pair method. Following a firearm arrest shootings declined significantly, 28–47% up to a couple of blocks away. These significant declines, however, lasted for just a few days. Overall, results suggest police firearm suppression effects occur, may extend up to two blocks away from a firearm arrest, but also are short-lived. Potential implications for deterrence are discussed.     

试述公安警务指挥时间与指挥速率

公安警务指挥速率对提高公安快速反应能力具有重要的意义,公安警务指挥速率的核心是时间因素。因此,把握好时间因素是实现公安机关快速反应,打击违法犯罪,有效防范和维护社会和谐稳定的关键。本文围绕公安警务指挥时间的含义、构成和影响公安警务指挥时间的因素展开论述,揭示了公安警务指挥活动中,指挥时间、指挥周期和行动周期三者关系所体现的客观规律,提出了把握公安警务指挥时间,提高公安警务指挥速率的方法。     

Sexual offenders’ treatment experience: a qualitative and quantitative investigation

Abstract

This research investigates the where and when of sexual assaults to determine what types of sexual crimes are committed at different time and place classifications. Exhaustive CHAID (chi-squared automatic interaction detection) analyses are conducted, examining factors associated with crimes that were committed indoors or outdoors, in private or public places, during the day or at night, and during the week or on the weekend. These methods are applied to a sample of 361 sexual crime events committed by 72 serial sex offenders. The results are strikingly different dependent on which spatial or temporal aspect of the crime is examined, which implies the complexity of sexual crime events and their situational components. This research brings to light possible policy implications with respect to situational crime prevention.     

当前犯罪在时间上的常见伎俩及侦查对策

时间是犯罪的要素,因此也是智能犯罪者耍弄伎俩实施犯罪或蒙蔽侦查机关的重点。清醒地认识这些伎俩并在侦查时采取适当之策非常必要。在当前,犯罪在时间上的常见伎俩是:不仅指使他人犯罪避开直接犯罪时间而且指使他人当"替身";不仅存在时间上的假证、而且采用调改时间指示键、假去外地返回犯罪等伎俩;不仅间隙短时作案,而且当面用极短时间实施犯罪而不使人发觉;采用一些智能性伎俩拖延犯罪被发现时间;分离犯罪和危害出现时间、犯罪时间无规律、共犯分割作案时间等。对这些伎俩的一般侦查对策是:反面设想、细化调查;侦查实验、验证时间;从其它作案条件着手;秘密侦查获取犯罪证据;对嫌疑人或证人测谎。     

A Study of the Human Decomposition Sequence in Central Texas*

Abstract: Decomposition studies utilizing nonhuman subjects as human analogues are well established, but fewer studies utilizing intact human remains exist. This study provides data from a controlled decomposition study involving human remains in Central Texas. A 63.5‐kg unmodified cadaver was placed in an open‐air site and observed over a 10‐week period from April 11 through June 19, 2008. A wire enclosure restricted scavenger access. State of decomposition and environmental conditions were recorded daily for the first 36 days and then every 2 weeks thereafter. Results indicated a high degree of correlation with other decomposition studies originating in the southwestern United States, although slight deviations for the average duration of early events were noted. The data were also utilized to test a quantitative method for estimating the postmortem interval. Results indicated preliminary support for a quantitative approach. Additional research is encouraged to further establish the human decomposition data set for Central Texas.     

Viability of Human Articular Chondrocytes Harvested Postmortem: Changes with Time and Temperature of In Vitro Culture Conditions

Different studies of long‐term chondrocytes viability have shown a gradual reduction as a function of time and ambient temperature. The aim of our in vitro study was to establish chondrocyte postmortem viability curves for 4°C, 11°C, 23°C, 35°C during 63 days after the donors' death. Osteochondral cylinders were procured from the knees of 16 male donors (20–47 years), stored in preservation media that was not changed, and analyzed in 3‐day intervals using a confocal laser scanning microscope. A significant influence of time on viability was found from Day 9 (p = 0.0029) and onwards (p < 0.0001). The lowest overall chondrocyte viability was at 35°C, followed by 4°C (p < 0.0001). The conditions used in this in vitro analysis suggest that similar viabilities may occur while in situ in the decedent. Further studies of chondrocyte viability from individuals with known postmortem intervals may show premise to help evaluate time since death in the late postmortem interval.     

New challenges in immigration theory: an overview

Normative political theory over recent decades has focused mainly on what ought to be done as far as migration policies are concerned. It faces a basic challenge, which stems from two competing, yet equally fundamental, ideals underpinning liberal democratic societies: a commitment to moral universalism and the exclusionary requirement of democracy. The objective of this special issue, ‘New Challenges in Immigration Theory’, is to provide a conceptual overview of (some) immigration theories and to highlight the challenges new streams of immigration pose for normative (political) theory and liberal democratic practice. The issue will consider how to reconcile state-based exclusion with a commitment to equal moral concern for all persons, by focusing on the non-standard immigration questions that have so far been ‘neglected’ by normative political theory. In line with this objective, the issue will discuss some of the inadequacies of the dominant political theories of immigration and show how such theories can be expanded to take account of new migration challenges such as brain drain, climate migration, detention of irregular migrants and asylum seekers, rights of labour migrants, transnational networks of movement, and so on.     

采用无创性核磁共振技术进行损伤时间推断初探

目的建立大鼠皮肤损伤核磁共振（nuclear magnetic resonance,NMR）检测方法,探讨其在法医学中应用的意义。方法雄性SD大鼠36只,随机分为皮肤切创和挫伤组,分别在大鼠背部制作皮肤切创和挫伤,各组分别在损伤后0h、4h、8h取皮肤组织及对侧无损伤部位皮肤,检测NMR一维1H谱,观察受创皮肤的分子代谢产物随损伤时间的变化规律。结果挫伤组、切创组背部损伤处皮肤的1H-NMR图谱在损伤后4h和8h分别检测到较多NMR波峰,波峰的高度和总面积也发生了改变,与对照部位皮肤相比,存在显著性差异（P〈0.05）。结论核磁共振技术检测组织代谢产物有望用于损伤经过时间的法医学检验。