Provider Perspectives on Sex Trafficking: Victim Pathways,Service Needs, & Blurred Boundaries

This study examines service providers’ perspectives on survivors of trafficking using a purposeful sample of professionals specializing in intimate partner violence, sexual assault, and child maltreatment. Entry points into trafficking included recruitment by Romeo pimps, survival sex, kidnapping, and deceptive offers of employment. Service needs of survivors were described as more extreme and enduring than those of other types of victims served, with particular needs in long-term housing, health and mental health, substance use treatment, legal aid, and employment assistance. An overarching issue involved survivors’ dual identities as both victims and offenders, including self-identification and understanding/treatment by human service providers and law enforcement officers.     

It Can't Happen in My Backyard: The Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Girls in the United States

This article describes the issue of commercial sexual exploitation in the United States and details the risk factors associated with young girls entering the life. The consequences of commercial sexual exploitation are detailed and the barriers to effectively combat this growing phenomenon are investigated. Service providers who work with this population are highlighted, promising practices are discussed, current research is critiqued, and recommendations for developing a comprehensive response to the issue of commercial sexual exploitation are outlined.     

论广东贩毒犯罪案件的特点及查缉对策

由于广东所处的特殊地理位置和特定的社会经济环境,改革开放以来贩毒犯罪案件较为突出。为了有效地侦查贩毒案件,本文具体分析了贩毒犯罪案件的一些特点,并在此基础上提出缉毒的具体侦查对策。     

From Family Feud to Organised Crime: The Cultural Economy of Cannabis in Northeast Brazil

Abstract — Traditional family feuding and banditry as well as envy-inspired violence associated with capitalised irrigation have been intensified by the introduction of cannabis farming and organised crime in the Sertão of Northeast Brazil to the point that today the cannabis producing zone is one of the most violent places in the world. These three interrelated forms of contemporary violence arose, respectively, in the pre-1940 frontier setting, in the 1940 to 1980 period of rapid Brazilian industrialisation which depressed peasant sectors and stimulated the rise of capitalised irrigation and in the post-1980 period of economic stagnation and social-political crisis in Brazil which depressed consumer markets and induced the State to liberalise foreign trade policy to the detriment of periphery regions like the Northeast.     

对云南零星贩毒特点及原因的再认识

云南地处中国西南边陲 ,临近毒品产地“金三角” ,特殊的地理位置使得云南受零星贩毒的危害尤为严重。原因 :1、特殊的地理位置 ;2、吸毒人员的扩大使零星贩毒活动泛滥 ;3、受高额利润诱惑驱使 ;4、相关禁毒法律法规不健全。对策 :1、完善有关法律法规 ;2、建立零星贩毒累计制度 ;3、加强无毒社区建设 ;4、有关部门密切配合 ,协同作战 ;5、深入开展毒品预防教育 ,积极做好禁毒宣传工作。     

试析当前贩毒活动反侦查手段的发展变化

随着禁毒斗争的深入开展,贩毒活动与侦查活动的对抗性日趋激烈,毒品犯罪活动中反侦查手段的运用也越来越广泛。措施:1、注意侦查谋略的运用;2、努力提高自身业务素质;3、及时掌握贩毒活动的最新发展;4、强化技术侦查手段的运用;5、做好禁毒情报工作     

Justice for victims of human trafficking in Australia? Issues associated with Australia’s criminal justice response to trafficking in persons

Australia has witnessed an increase in human trafficking cases in recent years, most of which have involved women trafficked for sexual exploitation. In response, and within the framework of the United Nations Protocol to Prevent and Suppress Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children, Australia has introduced legislation to combat human trafficking and punish traffickers. However, the number of prosecutions of human trafficking offences in Australia has, to date, been low. Drawing on the available literature, this article sets out to explore the reasons for this, which the paper argues have largely centered on Australia’s previously restrictive visa framework for trafficking victims. The paper also explores other obstacles and barriers to successful prosecutions, such as issues associated with discrediting and attacking vulnerable witnesses, and lengthy and complex trials. The paper argues that Australia needs to increase its efforts to meet the obligations set out by the United Nations Recommended Principles and Guidelines on Human Rights and Human Trafficking, and to balance its priorities regarding prosecution and victim protection.     

(Re)configuring the criminal justice response to human trafficking: a complex-systems perspective

Abstract

The multidimensional complexities associated with the criminal justice response to human trafficking are well documented. The transient and subversive nature of human trafficking as organised crime and the large number of multidisciplinary role-players involved in coordinating cross jurisdictional efforts to prevent, investigate and prosecute such cases, contribute to this complex undertaking. Complex systems theory suggests that a complex social problem such as human trafficking cannot be approached by using a linear or simplified lens, and requires a holistic perspective on the complex interactions between actors, and emergent behaviour in both the criminal justice system and the human trafficking system that it seeks to combat. This paper explores the characteristics of complexity, and uses illustrations from the lived experiences of actors in South Africa’s efforts to combat human trafficking, in order to demonstrate how complex systems theory could be considered and integrated into the criminal justice response to human trafficking.     

How MDMA flows across the USA: evidence from price data

This study uses wholesale prices of MDMA for 59 cities in the USA published by the National Drug Intelligence Center (NDIC) over the period of 2002–2011 to identify trafficking patterns of MDMA. Price differentials and correlations between pairs of cities are used to infer the presence of a link and the direction of flow of MDMA. The presence of inward and outward links is used to categorise each city as a ‘source’, ‘destination’, ‘transit’, or ‘weakly integrated’ city. The analysis identified low prices close to the Canadian and Mexican borders, in a number of cities such as Chicago, Miami, New York City, a trio of cities in the Carolinas, and along the West Coast. A number of these cities are linked to large numbers of other cities, indicating hub- or source-like status. The findings generate insights into the status of major US cities in the MDMA trafficking network.     

试论中国反贩运人口法律制度的完善

贩运人口是一种现代形式的奴役,严重侵害被贩运者的人权,危害社会和谐稳定。虽然有证据证明,中国的贩运人口情况很严重和需要加大对反贩运人口的法学研究,但是如何发展反贩运人口法律,仍然缺少系统的分析和严谨的论述。面对严峻的贩运人口犯罪形势,有必要完善反贩运人口法律制度,为打击贩运人口提供更为良好的法治环境。