Recent narcotics and mafia research

Abstract

Research into narcotics‐related issues is underway all over the world. No country can afford to ignore the social and economic consequences of drug production, distribution, consumption, or the laundering of the profits thereof. The article examines recent and ongoing research in Latin America, the United States, the United Kingdom, and within the context of the European Community. Latin American studies relate drug production to wider problems of economic development, whereas typical “consumer country” studies are more concerned with criminological aspects and demand reduction policies. The drugs/crime link is seen to be closely bound up with the illegal context of the drugs market, thus the option for legalization is considered. The economic growth of the Italian mafia is explained. The author describes recent international agreements on money laundering and precursor chemicals, and concludes by stressing the value of international cooperation on all aspects of narcotics research.     

论加强海关缉毒国际合作

全球性的毒品泛滥愈演愈烈,对人类的生存和社会的发展构成了严重的威胁。尽管各国海关国际缉毒执法合作已取得了很大的成绩,但其中也存在不少问题。面对世界性的毒品危机,必须采取全球性禁毒战略,加强各国政府,尤其是加强海关之间的禁缉毒合作。     

中国在消除对妇女的暴力方面所面临的新挑战--对女童和青年妇女以劳动剥削为目的的拐卖

人口拐卖是1995年第四次世界妇女大会以来国际社会所关注的重要的性别平等问题,是消除对妇女的暴力方面所面临的新挑战。人口盲目流动造成被拐卖的风险,以各种形式的劳动剥削(包括性剥削)为目的拐卖问题正在中国逐渐增多,女童和青年妇女的多重脆弱性,使她们成为以劳动剥削(包括性剥削)为目的的拐卖的最大的受害者。本文针对既往在人口拐卖问题上的政策空白和认识盲区,结合对女童和女青年的多重脆弱性的分析,提出综合性的防止以劳动剥削(包括性剥削)为目的的拐卖的政策建议。     

组织出卖人体器官罪的构成及认定

近年来,我国有关人体器官买卖的危害行为日益猖獗,严重威胁到广大人民群众的生命健康安全。基于此,刑法修正案（八）第37条明确规定了组织出卖人体器官罪,《刑法》第234条把组织出卖人体器官行为作为刑事犯罪进行打击。文章通过刑法规定的犯罪构成要件,分析了本罪的构成,即本罪的犯罪客体是公民的生命健康权利和国家器官移植医疗管理秩序;犯罪客观方面表现为非法组织他人出卖人体器官的行为;犯罪主体是一般主体;主观方面是故意。因此,司法实践中准确把握本罪与它罪,一罪与数罪的界限非常必要。     

试论毒品走私犯罪案件侦查

毒品走私是“全球性”的难题,与青少年犯罪、恐怖袭击并称为三大公害。文章阐述了当前我国毒品走私面临的国内外形势,分析了当前毒品走私犯罪活动的手段和特点,有针对性地提出了打击毒品走私犯罪活动的侦查方法。     

浅析拐卖人口案件侦查之买方市场的防控

拐卖人口现象屡禁不止,根本原因之一是买方市场的存在及发展.本研究基于对拐卖人口买方市场存在发展的背景条件以及当前形势和防控难点进行分析研究,指出买方市场组成结构的复杂性与单方面打击不协调等问题.针对当前背景下采取系统作战方式应对拐卖人口新特点的重要性,通过咨询专家、文献研究以及与主要案发地区一线民警深入沟通,给买方市场防控措施提出相关建议,以期望对拐卖人口案件侦查有一定借鉴意义.     

Is Narco‐Violence in Mexico Terrorism?

Mexico's drug ‘war’ produced 100,000 deaths between 2006 and 2012. The extreme violence has raised the notion that Mexico has become a failed state wracked by terrorism. We categorise the forms of narco‐violence in Mexico in light of the literature on terrorism and contemporary Mexican politics. Our study suggests three overlapping dimensions of narco‐violence that should be considered terrorism: (a) narco‐terror as a struggle for regional political control; (b) narco‐terror as a practice ordered by cartel leaders rather than spontaneous violence of foot soldiers; and (c) narco‐terror as an expansion strategy from solely drug trafficking to other kinds of organised crime.     

War Hypotheses: Drug Trafficking,Sovereignty and the Armed Forces in Mexico

This essay analyses how Mexican presidents have interpreted the concepts of drug trafficking and national security and how these particular connotations have redefined national sovereignty and the specific role of the armed forces in protecting this sovereignty. A qualitative technique of discourse analysis is used to examine public speeches by Zedillo (1994–2000), Fox (2000–2006) and Calderón (2006–2012). The conclusions suggest that drug trafficking and US omnipresence are the two main issues that shaped Mexico's national security threats during this period, with qualitatively distinct trajectories.