汉译英中的理解

翻译中,充分、透彻的理解是表达的前提保证。在母语转换成外语过程中,对原文的理解要求决不低于对目的语的表达。在母语翻译成外语时,理解不仅是源语的字面意思,而应该是对源语所表达的包括语言和文化的各种含义的整体感悟,涉及源语的文化及其文化特点的表现,在译文中最大限度地弥补"信息遗失"。     

从翻译目的看翻译中的对等

对“对等”这一长期被作为一条理所当然的翻译原则和翻译批评标准的范畴,德国译论家卡塔雷拉.莱斯首创的目的论对此进行了独特的界定。这一界定为翻译原则的建立和翻译批评提供了新的启示。     

原语主义与译语主义——中日早期天主教术语翻译问题探析

异质文化之间的"不可共量性(incommensurability)"是导致异质语言对译难题的根源所在。为达到相异文化之间的交流与理解,首先应当面对的问题就是语言的障碍。16世纪东来天主教耶酥会士在面对中日文化时首先遭遇的就是天主教术语的翻译问题,因中日文化性格与地位的不同而分别采取了不同的翻译原则法,在日本最后采取了直接音译的原语主义,在中国则是意译的译语主义。     

On the Translation of Idioms in A Dream of Red Mansions

Chinese is a highly -developed language . Thus it has abundantidioms that consist of colloquialisms , proverbs , slang expressions ,vulgar sayings ,etc .Idioms ,a kind of highly -refined language ,arethe consequences of a lasting selection through eli mination in theprocess of people's usingthem.Idioms are usuallyforceful ,vivid ,andeven someti mes rude and vulgar . But ,at the same ti me ,they havestrong cultural and national flavor . The history ,culture and customof a nation are usually co…     

Do multilingual androids dream of a better life in Australia? Effectiveness of information technology for government translation to support refugees and migrants in Australia

Without high‐quality translation of online information about government support and services, refugees and migrants from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds in Australia experience a major barrier to improved health, employment, education and social outcomes. Recent advances in the ability of Google Translate, Skype Translator and other forms of machine translation that use artificial intelligence can help translate government information to better support refugees and migrants but they bring the risk of ineffective communication, and exclusion from services that could positively impact on settlement experiences and daily life. Evidence suggests that government agencies are likely to be using human translators for most translation work, but the degree to which any form of information technology is used, how it may be best applied and the associated effects are not known. This study systematically reviewed the peer‐reviewed and grey literature to determine effective ways of using information technology for translating government information to refugees and migrants from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds in Australia. Included studies were analysed to identify techniques and other characteristics of translation, information technology and language support more broadly, and outcomes on education, health, social and other refugee and migrant experiences relating to translated information. Our review found a small evidence base featuring studies with strong evaluation demonstrating effective forms of ‘language support’ for refugees and migrants from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds in Australia in a broad sense. However, there is a major gap in knowledge that is contributing to barriers in the use of online government information in Australia. In particular, there is an absence of evidence demonstrating what is effective in the use of machine translation with artificial intelligence, websites and other kinds of information technology for translating government information with refugees and migrants from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds. The oversight risks further excluding already marginalised groups from services and support. This paper makes a number of suggestions practitioners can take to address the issue and guidelines for future research.     

Language translation for file paths

Forensic examiners are frequently confronted with content in languages that they do not understand, and they could benefit from machine translation into their native language. But automated translation of file paths is a difficult problem because of the minimal context for translation and the frequent mixing of multiple languages within a path. This work developed a prototype implementation of a file-path translator that first identifies the language for each directory segment of a path, and then translates to English those that are not already English nor artificial words. Brown's LA-Strings utility for language identification was tried, but its performance was found inadequate on short strings and it was supplemented with clues from dictionary lookup, Unicode character distributions for languages, country of origin, and language-related keywords. To provide better data for language inference, words used in each directory over a large corpus were aggregated for analysis. The resulting directory-language probabilities were combined with those for each path segment from dictionary lookup and character-type distributions to infer the segment's most likely language. Tests were done on a corpus of 50.1 million file paths looking for 35 different languages. Tests showed 90.4% accuracy on identifying languages of directories and 93.7% accuracy on identifying languages of directory/file segments of file paths, even after excluding 44.4% of the paths as obviously English or untranslatable. Two of seven proposed language clues were shown to impair directory-language identification. Experiments also compared three translation methods: the Systran translation tool, Google Translate, and word-for-word substitution using dictionaries. Google Translate usually performed the best, but all still made errors with European languages and a significant number of errors with Arabic and Chinese.     

唐诗英译发轫期主要文本辨析

中国唐诗的英文译介是19世纪中期以后才开始出现于欧美各国的文化传播现象.在此传播的过程中,旅华传教士和驻华外交官群体中的汉学家贡献尤多.其中戴维斯的<汉文诗解>有特殊的价值,弗莱彻的<英译唐诗选>则是截至目前为止发现的最早的英译唐诗专著.我国学术界对早期英译唐诗的文本和译者研究尚处于起步阶段,其间的某些误读尚有待辨析和厘清.     

英译词条再推敲

《汉英双语现代汉语词典》(2002年增补本)的面世,无论是对以中文学英文,还是以英文学中文的人而言,或日对中国与英语国家之间文化交流,无疑是件大好事。但通读《新记号新义》部分后,本文作者认为,由于种种原因,其中一些词条的英译出现了不同程度的瑕疵,因而有碍其预期效果的实现。现成文一述己见,同时旨在引起有关方面对此予以关注。     

试论商务英语翻译以直译为主的翻译原则

以直译为主的商务英语翻译原则,强调译文必须忠实于原文,全面准确阐明原作的含义,保持原作原有的风格。商务英语翻译要求译者选词要准确,概念表达要确切,物与名所指要正确。商务英语翻译原则与直译的翻译原则相吻合,准确性与其忠实于原文的内容相吻合,专业性与其保持原文的结构形式、行文规范相吻合,实用性与其语言流畅易懂相吻合。     

浅析《老子》翻译——《老子》译本的描述性研究

从描述性翻译研究的新视角对历时近三百年产生的二百多本涵盖《老子》世传、帛书、竹简3种版本的译本进行全面历史性描述,得到以下要点:一是《老子》译本的翻译根据3种不同版本呈现出3种翻译趋势与热潮,随着历史时期的变化而变化对中国古典文学的翻译倾向产生不同影响;作为边缘文化的典例对西方文化也造成了一定影响。二是多译本《老子》这一文学翻译典例表明文学翻译批评应兼具规定性翻译批评研究和描述性翻译批评研究,以此完整的翻译批评系统推动翻译文学事业的发展。