异与同:翻译的困惑

如何对待异与同是文化视域中的翻译无法回避的难题。对于翻译实践来说,译者要有这样的文化态度,即认识到由于文化的互动发展,文化比较应该是一个客观动态的过程,从而采取适时的翻译策略。对于翻译研究来讲,论者应正确对待传统翻译理论跟西方翻译理论,着眼于理论的互动发展,避免民族性的过分张扬。     

口译标准新谈

从古至今较著名的中国传统十大翻译,成为文本翻译的指航灯。口译作为翻译的基本形式,有着与文本翻译不同的工作要求,必然有不同的评价标准,但目前较为著名的口译标准,多是自我的经验总结。梳理了著名的翻译标准,文笔翻译与口译活动的不同,以及著名的口译标准,在口译研究跨学科的发展形势下,新的口译标准的诞生势在必行。     

从中国四次翻译高峰期看翻译理论的发展

我国翻译发展史上曾出现过四次翻译高潮,与之伴生的是翻译理论的同步发展。我国翻译理论发展的大致轨迹是由"质"而"信"再到"化",也就是说,从单纯模仿原文句法的直译到允许句法自由的意译再到饱含创造神韵、根据实际需要而进行的多种翻译手法相结合。我国的翻译理论是在不断深化中加快发展,在传统理论基础上不断更新与提高的。     

Translating police research into policy: some implications of the National Academies report on proactive policing for policymakers and researchers

ABSTRACT

In February 2018, the U.S. Committee on Proactive Policing published its report on the evidence regarding the effects of different forms of proactive policing, particularly on crime and disorder. In this essay, we explore three obstacles to evidence-based policymaking in policing, some of which were raised by the Committee, but we take occasion to develop here: (1) the mistrust of science; (2) the paucity of cost-efficiency analyses; and (3) the challenge of managing competing values. For each of these we describe the nature of the problem before identifying some possibilities for mitigating or overcoming it. Our goals are two-fold: (1) to provide some considerations that police leaders might take into account when making decisions about proactive policing; and (2) to illuminate avenues for future research.     

中国传统行政文化的缺陷与现代转型

中国传统行政文化在制度、职能、权力、主体、观念等方面存在一定的缺陷,亟待给予深度梳理,以利于社会主义政治文明的建设。本文就当代中国传统行政文化的转型做一探讨。     

Cancer,HIV, and terrorism: translating public health models for prevention and control to counter-terrorism

What can cancer and HIV tell us about terrorism? How would we proceed if terrorism were a disease? A comparison of cancer and HIV can suggest alternative ways of conceptualizing terrorism and counter-terrorism using contrasting disease models that emphasize differing connections between etiology and prevention and control. A public health model also can help us think about terrorism as a basic research problem to be translated into therapeutic and preventive applications rather than primarily as a policy or political problem that makes only selective use of research studies. Through this re-conceptualization of terrorism as a basic and translational research challenge, we can draw upon the examples of the U.S. ‘War on Cancer’ and response to the ‘Aids Epidemic’ to help identify gaps in organizing academic and other resources to wage the ‘War on Terrorism.’ Recognizing and addressing these gaps could ultimately pave the way for more effective strategies in understanding and responding to the significant threats posed by terrorism, from the identification of factors that produce terrorist acts to the implementation of informed measures for the prevention and control of terrorist, and even proto-terrorist, activity.     

Translating ecological migration policy: a conjunctural analysis of Tibetan pastoralist resettlement in China

ABSTRACT

This paper analyzes the transmission of China’s Ecological Migration Policy from the central government down to Tibetan villages and townships for implementation. It examines the specific ways through which the policy is translated from Chinese to Tibetan and communicated through various local dialects to concerned pastoralists. In order to achieve the Ecological Migration Policy’s purported objectives of environmental conservation, livelihood improvement, and urbanization, township government officials at the grassroots level mistranslate and miscommunicate policy meanings to villagers to render an otherwise unfeasible, impractical policy implementable on the ground. Tibetan pastoralists actively engage with this resettlement project to fulfill their desires and aspirations for accessing healthcare and educational services in urban areas. However, this pursuit of legibility is induced by the state’s negligence of rural pastoralist life and elimination of alternative educational facilities in rural communities. Both negligence and elimination of educational facilities in rural areas concentrate and increase investments in education and healthcare in urban settlements. These conjunctures ultimately drive Tibetan pastoralists to “choose” their only available option, to resettle in urban townships.     

This other and other others

This paper offers an alternative understanding of the relationship between feminist ethics, time and otherness. Rather than suggesting a feminist ethics should simply be for ‘the other’, or that feminist ethics is always futural (dedicated to that which is not yet), the paper suggests that ethics involves responding to the particular other in a present that carries traces of the past, as well as opening up the future. It is through responding to particular others (where particularity is not understood as a characteristic of another, but as a mode of encounter) that we face and face up to ‘other others’. The relationship between ‘this other’ and ‘other others’ suggests an intimacy between the particular and the collective, between the face-to-face of an encounter and political economies, and between feminist ethics and politics. Indeed, the paper concludes by suggesting that the ethical and political imperatives of feminism are aligned precisely given that collectivity is an effect of the work that has to be done to get closer to this other and, with her, other others. This other and other others collect together in the making of a feminist ‘we’. Such a ‘we’ can be embraced only through a willingness to struggle with and for others who are faced in the present (a facing that is indebted to a past that cannot be left behind), and an openness to the future, as the promise and hope of what we might yet become.     

论文化差异对英汉翻译的制约和影响

文化差异对翻译具有重大的影响,只有了解英汉两种文化之间的差异,才能使英汉双语之间的翻译更为准确。中西文化中的思维方式、地理环境、宗教信仰、历史典故、动物习语、词汇等方面的差异均对英汉翻译产生制约和影响。因此,在跨文化交际中,仅仅了解语言本身远远不够,必须熟悉原语言的文化及其构成该文化的各种因素,才能深入透彻地理解原语含义。     

由直译意译引发的思考

直译和意译之争由来已久。有人认为应以直译为主,也有人认为应以意译为主。其实,单纯地谈直译、意译之争是没有多大意义的。更多的需要结合翻译定义、翻译标准、译者目的、译者修养、译者所处时代特征等。新时期,翻译的文化因素受到越来越多的关注。西方学者首先提出的异化、归化概念在新时期的中国发生了变化。直译与意译相结合的方法不失为处理翻译的好方法。贝尔的翻译观(即"概念匣子"理论),让人注意到直译与意译都不是万能的。