The Croatian Diaspora in North America: Identity, Ethnic Solidarity, and the Formation of a “Transnational National Community”

As I attempt to reveal in this article, Croatian Diaspora's press in North America plays a crucial role in ethnic mobilization and formation of attitudes among members of Croatian Diaspora community toward their home society—Croatia and construction of transnational national community. Discourse analysis employed when examining writings published between 1980–1995 in the most influential Croatian Diaspora's journal—the Fraternalist—builds on the idea that not only news from both the host and home countries are provided, but they are also used to constantly reproduce elements of group identity among Diaspora's community. This study explores the main trends in different stages of ethnic homogenization and mobilization of Croatian Diaspora in North America, which progressed in response to political changes in the home country, reaching its peak with the commencement of the war in Croatia in 1991.     

Beyond the ‘Natasha’ story – a review and critique of current research on sex trafficking

A review of literature on sex trafficking since 2000 reveals that numerous articles have been published in scholarly journals but few are based on systematic primary data collection. Much of our current knowledge, including statistical estimates and characteristics of the trafficking business, derives from a handful reports issued by government and non-government agencies. With few empirical studies available, imagination seems to have filled the gaps of our knowledge. The problem was further complicated by a manifest (sometimes subtle) moral crusading agenda aimed at a deep-rooted and hotly debated social practice.

Also noticeable in the literature is an increasing number of authors who have begun to challenge the empirical premises claimed by these published reports. These sceptical authors find that many articles of questionable quality have been published in peer-reviewed journals, and claim that the current discourse on human trafficking is driven by mythology rather than empirical research.

Rather than dwelling on gaps in our knowledge or concerns over the moral overtone in academic research, this paper seeks to raise specific research questions and explore possible field strategies that can advance our knowledge on this topic. Regardless of one's moral compass, the future of research on sex trafficking cannot become credible without a solid empirical foundation.     

经济全球化与我国经济安全的法律保护

经济全球化是当今世界经济发展的重要趋势 ,是不以人的意志为转移的。毋庸置疑 ,经济全球化对世界经济的发展具有积极作用。但它也对发展中国家的经济主权、经济安全等方面不可避免地产生了负面影响。我国作为经济迅速发展的发展中国家 ,既要积极融入全球化浪潮 ,又要注意用法律维护国家的经济安全。     

Islamic versus other identities in the Greater Middle East: Comments on the Ex‐Soviet Muslim republics

The six newly independent, ex‐Soviet Muslim republics share many characteristics. Common to all are identity conflicts based on ethnic ties, cultural traditions and attitudes to Islam. Most ethno‐nationalist groups have been mythologizing their past history and culture. Islam remains, however, the most important factor determining identity throughout the area, although in diverse ways. Realizing this, most political elites take an unfavorable view of the flow of extreme religious propaganda from Iran and Saudi Arabia and of the incursions from Afghanistan. Aware of the revival of Islam, some political leaders of the new states strive to encourage various patterns of moderate religion as a bulwark against militant Islam.     

跨国公司来华投资新趋向及我国应对政策与法律原则探析

进入九十年代以来,跨国公司来华投资较前发生了重大变化,并表现出鲜明的特点。跨国公司作为推动经济全球化的重要力量,对我国引进外资和社会经济发展的作用越来越大,本文从跨国公司来华投资的新趋向入手,在分析我国应对跨国公司的政策及法律原则的理论与现实基础上,进一步提出从积极引进、加强引导、合理限制与严密监督四个方面构建我国对待跨国公司来华投资的政策及法律原则。     

论跨国公司与经济主权的关系

跨国公司与经济主权之间确实存在着冲突。二者的关系在实质上体现了社会的国际化发展与以主权为核心的民族国家的冲突。这种冲突的缘由则是国际社会新领域的存在未被清晰地认识以及由此导致的国际关系新结构未得到相应地合理调整。全球性领域的出现,并不意味着地方性、国家性领域的消失,而是要求民族国家对于其自身在新型国际政治经济关系中的地位以及相应的主权行使范围有理智与现实的认识。跨国公司与民族国家将在国际事务中长期共同发挥作用,跨国公司与经济主权之间的冲突也将长期存在。     

国门安全治理的跨界性：双层跨域治理框架

国门安全是指口岸监管部门在进出境口岸通过履行其法定职能和被授权执行的法律法规所维护的国家安全和国家利益没有危险、不受威胁的状态以及在进出境环节维护国家安全的能力。国门安全不仅是国家安全的组成部分,也是保障国家其他方面安全及整个国家安全的重要屏障。国门安全是一种国际性的国内安全,具有跨境性与弥散性、动态性与线流性、建构性与主动性、外溢性与共生性以及虚拟性与无界性的特点,这就使国门安全风险的防控时空从口岸沿着跨境供应链前推后移,进而使国门安全表现出跨国公共产品的属性。各国的国门安全相互依存,国门安全治理日益呈现跨越国家边界、职能边界、层级边界、公私边界和时间边界的跨界性,不断提出国内和国际跨域治理的双重需求。然而,当下的国门安全治理存在着“碎片化”困境,体现为治理部门分散化、政策措施割裂化、政策执行差别化和国家间合作机制扩散拥堵等特点。因此,治理国门安全,应构建国内与国际同构的双层跨域治理框架,国际层面由双边和多边机制构成,国内层面由结构性、程序性和技术性机制组成,以实现对国门安全风险的全过程防控和精准化治理。     

Commodities and Terrorist Financing: Focus on Diamonds

Commodities, trade, and natural resources have long been part of the political economy of conflict, as soldiers and militants usually employ accessible means and methods to raise funds unless there is a clash with honestly held religious or ideological positions. Reports about the role of commodities in the financing of terrorist groups cover many areas of legal and illicit trade, foremost among these diamonds. A brief background to the diamond industry, with particular attention to vulnerabilities and their exploitation in conflict areas, provides the necessary context for two case studies about al-Qaeda (AQ) and Hezbollah. These utilize primary and secondary data to explore the linkages between diamonds and these particular groups. We found conflicting and weak evidence as well as vague language to describe interfaces between terrorist groups and the diamonds trade. We conclude that while there is cause for concern that this industry can be used to support terrorist activity, deeper factual grounding, meaningful context, and a more nuanced understanding of the diamond industry are necessary to fully inform policy makers and law enforcement about the connections between terrorist finance and the commodities trade.Research on which this paper is based was sponsored by a National Institute of Justice (NIJ) grant for a study of "Terrorist Finance and the Nexus with Transnational Organized Crime: Commodities Trade and the Social Organization of al Qaeda Groups," grant no. 2003-DT-CX-0001. We would like to thank Christian Dietrich and an anonymous peer reviewer for their very constructive comments.     

跨国公司商业贿赂伦理控制的法律研究

在国际社会提高透明度及抑制腐败的运动中,跨国公司作为商业贿赂的重要主体,其角色越来越受到重视。跨国公司出于遵守法律,创造廉洁透明的商业环境以及自身伦理建设和树立良好公众形象的需要,都有通过自我控制消除商业贿赂的动力。虽然许多大型跨国公司利用企业伦理教育控制、财务制度控制及合规监察控制等途径对商业贿赂进行伦理控制,但其成效并不显著。在现行法律框架下,跨国公司控制商业贿赂面临着执行过程中的巨大成本。为此,各国应加强法律的双向激励机制,促使跨国公司积极投身商业贿赂的伦理控制。     

联合国1990年关于自动资料档案中个人资料的指南评析

信息社会使个人资料被歪曲、滥用的危险明显加大,为加强个人资料的保护,各国纷纷制定了有关个人资料保护的国内法。但由于个人资料跨国流通势不可挡,不统一的国内法并不能为个人资料当事人提供充分保护,因网络环境下个人资料国际保护的需要,联合国于1990年通过了《关于自动资料档案中个人资料的指南》。