英国高校科研评估政策及其借鉴意义

自1986年以来,科研评估政策(RAE=Research Assessment Exercise)开始在英国高校实施,至今共进行了6次,在英国国内和其他国家引起了广泛的关注。本文主要论述了英国高等教育科研评估及其发展历程、作用以及存在的不足,同时还涉及它与作为高校科研评估替代品的科研卓越框架(REF=ResearchExcellence Framework)之间的联系与区别,以期对中国的高校科研评估有所启示。     

基于SWOT职业发展理论下的基层公务员学习能力研究

走进知识经济时代,政府管理面临严峻挑战,在加强党的执政能力建设的过程中,基于SWOT职业发展理论下的基层政府公务员学习能力建设具有重要作用。为了寻求提高我国基层公务员职业发展水平和学习能力的有效途径,首先必须建构公务员SWOT的职业发展模型,并对其学习能力进行分析,以便有针对性地进行改进。     

THE LAW OF CRIME CONCENTRATION AND THE CRIMINOLOGY OF PLACE*

According to Laub (2004), criminology has a developmental life course with specific turning points that allow for innovations in how we understand and respond to crime. I argue that criminology should take another turn in direction, focusing on microgeographic hot spots. By examining articles published in Criminology, I show that only marginal attention has been paid to this area of study to date—often termed the criminology of place. I illustrate the potential utility of a turning point by examining the law of crime concentration at place, which states that for a defined measure of crime at a specific microgeographic unit, the concentration of crime will fall within a narrow bandwidth of percentages for a defined cumulative proportion of crime. By providing the first cross‐city comparison of crime concentration using a common geographic unit, the same crime type, and examining a general crime measure, I find strong support for a law of crime concentration. I also show that crime concentration stays within a narrow bandwidth across time, despite strong volatility in crime incidents. By drawing from these findings, I identify several key research questions for future study. In conclusion, I argue that a focus on the criminology of place provides significant opportunity for young scholars and has great promise for advancing criminology as a science.     

Understanding Variations of Soil Mapping Units and Associated Data for Forensic Science

Soil samples have potential to be useful in forensic investigations, but their utility may be limited due to the inherent variability of soil properties, the wide array of analytical methods, and complexity of data analysis. This study examined the differentiation of similar soils based on both gross (texture, color, mineralogy) and explicit soil properties (elemental composition, cation exchange, Fe‐oxyhydroxides). Soils were collected from Fallbrook and adjacent map units from Riverside and San Diego Counties in California. Samples were characterized using multiple techniques, including chemical extracts, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Results were analyzed using multiple analytical approaches to compare counties and land uses. Some analyses (XRD, extractions) were better at distinguishing among samples than others (color, texture). Ratios of rare earth elements were particularly useful for distinguishing samples between counties. This potential to “fingerprint” soils illustrates the usefulness of a comprehensive soil database for criminal investigators.     

基层医疗机构医疗纠纷产生原因及防范措施

为探讨基层医疗机构产生医疗纠纷的原因及防范措施。对我区医学会2002年9月至2006年1月鉴定的53例案件进行分析。产生医疗纠纷的原因主要是工作责任心不强、法律意识薄弱、技术水平不高、医疗告知不当、医院管理不善。防范医疗纠纷应做到：增强法律意识、规范病案书写、加强技术培训、密切医患关系、强化医院管理。     

单位自首若干争议问题探析

目前,单位自首制度已成为刑法理论及司法实践中亟需解决的新问题。基于单位犯罪法典化和实现刑罚目的的要求,单位应能成为自首主体。单位自首有单位一般自首、单位准自首以及单位特别自首三种类型,其成立条件具有特殊性。由于单位自首与单位犯罪的直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员的自首是相对独立的,前者成立自首并不意味后者亦是自首,反之亦然。因此,对犯罪单位、单位犯罪的直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员应分别决定刑罚。     

论单位犯罪过失的特殊性

单位犯罪过失的特殊性体现在单位意志的认定、单位应当预见的内容、单位预见可能性判断标准和单位监督过失等方面。单位意志的认定可以从决策机构、决策程序和利益归属三方面进行考量。基于单位特殊的认识能力和意志能力,单位应当预见刑法规定的具体危害结果,对预见可能性的判断标准也应采用“客观说”。单位监督过失不仅存在于单位未恰当履行对成员的选任监督义务的场合,也存在于单位怠于确立合理的管理体制、规章制度的场合。     

论海运承运人单位赔偿责任限制所涵盖的损失类型——兼对UNCITRAL《运输法》（草案）的评论

在国际海上货物运输中,单位赔偿责任限制是承运人赔偿责任的一项重要内容。结合有关国际公约,重点分析了单位责任限制应当包含的损失类型,同时对中国《海商法》及《运输法》(草案)的相关规定进行了评论并提出修改建议。     

单位犯罪中单位行为与单位意志的认定

界定单位犯罪中的两个重要概念是单位行为和单位意志。特别对单位行为的构成、单位行为与个人行为的界限、单位意志的整体性的体现、利益归属的团体性等问题应着重加以梳理。     

Everyday Construction of Identity in the Estonian Refugee Community in Sweden

Social constructionist approaches underscore that identity is constantly negotiated. It emerges as values and attitudes are promoted and confronted in everyday actions, behavioral patterns and fleeting comments by participants in social events. This article analyzes membership categorization and pragmatic code-switching in the Swedish Estonian refugee community, demonstrating the fragile balance between ‘Estonian’ and ‘Swedish’. The speakers orient to Estonian Estonian as the target variety of language, while frequently using Swedish for sense-making. The analysis is based on audio and video recordings of Swedish Estonian club activities and research interviews.