The “Rights Awakening” of Chinese Migrant Workers: Beyond the Generational Perspective

ABSTRACT

?In the spring of 2010, the strike of the Honda workers in Nanhai instigated an on-going discourse on the “rights awakening” of the “new generation of migrant workers.” Since then, much has been written about these young workers, generally described as more pro-active and ready to stand up against their employers than the older and more subservient generation. Drawing from statistical findings from two factory-gate surveys in the metal mechanics and garment sectors in Shenzhen, this paper tests two hypotheses: (a) that workers of the younger generation are more cognizant of their legal rights than older workers; (b) that the younger generation wants to work fewer hours and to enjoy life more. We argue that this popular image of the younger generation of migrant workers is one-dimensional and reductive, as it focuses only on generational differences as an explanatory factor for worker activism, while ignoring other issues such as types of industries and payment systems. In this paper, we purport that these elements play important roles in shaping the attitude of this younger generation toward their work and rights.     

Does Terrorism Pay? An Empirical Analysis

Does terrorism help perpetrators to achieve their demands? Few research questions about terrorism generate as much controversy. This study contributes to the debate in two main ways. First, we identify major limitations within the burgeoning literature on the effectiveness of terrorism. Specifically, we highlight the main methodological problems vexing empirical assessments of whether terrorism promotes government concessions. Second, we present a research design that circumvents those recurrent methodological shortcomings. In short, we find no empirical evidence to suggest that terrorism pays. In fact, multiple variants of the tactic in hostage standoffs impede the perpetrators from coercing government compliance. The negative effect of terrorism on the odds of compliance is significant and substantial across logistic and multilevel logistic model specifications, particularly when civilians are killed or wounded in the coercive incident. These findings have important implications for both scholars and practitioners of counterterrorism.     

试论辩诉交易制度

辩诉交易制度作为一种刑事诉讼制度,起源于美国。它具有自己特定的产生原因与诉讼价值。辩诉交易制度在美国刑事诉讼中被大量采用,并被世界上其他国家所借鉴并加以改良,对世界各国司法产生了十分深远的影响。     

美国、意大利辩诉交易制度比较——兼论辩诉交易存在的法理基础

辩诉交易虽源于英国,但却在美国发扬光大。意大利在1988年《刑事诉讼法典》中增加了“依当事人要求适用刑罚”的特殊程序,但该程序与美国的辩诉交易有很大的差异。从美国、意大利的比较研究中可以得到辩诉交易制度本身存在的法理基础。     

Wage labor in historical perspective: a study of the de-proletarianization of the African working class in Zimbabwe, 1960–2010

Abstract

This paper traces the rise and fall of wage labor in Zimbabwe between c.1960 and 2010. Building on Giovanni Arrighi’s seminal study, ‘Labour supplies in historical perspective: a study of the proletarianization of the African peasantry in Rhodesia’, we argue that the 1950s were the highpoint of African wage labor participation in the Southern Rhodesian/Zimbabwean economy. From that point, the percentage of wage labor as part of the economically active population fell consistently until the collapse of the Zimbabwean economy from the late 1990s onward, when it shrunk emphatically. This process is observable elsewhere in southern Africa over the second half of the twentieth century. Writing in the 1960s when the Southern Rhodesian economy was diversifying and absorbing large numbers of African workers from within and beyond the country’s borders, Arrighi overstated the stability and longevity of the proletariat. From that point, though, combined internal and external forces resulted initially in the stagnation of secondary and primary industry and commerce, and latterly in their contraction. The ensuing processes of de-proletarianization, falling wages, and heightened livelihood precarity have been the norm for an ever-increasing proportion of the African working class up to the present.     

推进非公中小企业劳动关系协调机制建设的思考 —— 对改善非公中小企业劳动关系现状的对策建议

劳动关系协调机制是推进企业和谐稳定以及企业长足发展的重要抓手。集体协商、职代会和劳动争议调解是企业协调劳动关系的重要机制。然而目前,各类企业尤其是非公中小企业的劳动关系需要完善和改过。为此,可采用两手抓的工作路径,即一方面应积极推动具备条件的企业依法建立健全劳动关系协调机制,另一方面大力推进区域性、行业性劳动关系协调机制建设,通过两方面工作路径的有效联动,推进区域劳动关系的整体和谐稳定,进而增进企业活力,推动企业发展。     

The Interaction Effects of Bargaining Power: The Interplay Between Veto Power,Asymmetric Interdependence,Reputation, and Audience Costs

In international relations, different rationalistic theories have developed to explain negotiators’ behavior and the outcomes of negotiations. The compatibility and interaction effects between the different forms of bargaining power, however, remain unexplored. In this article, I seek to fill this gap by connecting four rationalistic concepts of bargaining power: veto power, asymmetric interdependence, reputation, and audience costs. By showing that domestic veto players are only semiveto players in international politics – because they can veto an improvement but not a deterioration of the status quo – threats based on asymmetric interdependence to disrupt a mutually beneficial cooperative relationship can be connected to veto power; the incompatibility of the factors concerned would otherwise make this impossible. The combination of veto power and asymmetric interdependence, however, raises a theoretical question: Will rational actors ever approve a deterioration of the status quo? Theories of reputation and audience costs can help answer this question. According to these approaches, threatening parties suffer ex post costs when they back down from their own threats. This theoretical analysis sheds new light on how different forms of bargaining power interact with each other and also helps to address some of the theoretical inconsistencies of the original individual concepts. Finally, this analysis suggests some of the weaknesses of empirical studies that have neglected these interaction effects.     

行政救济程序中建立行政协调机制之研究

我国行政复议及行政诉讼的救济程序中存在着当事人不能和解的制度缺陷,导致很多案件在缺少法律监督的情况下案外和解,因此,行政救济程序中有必要建立行政协调机制.此制度的设计是在我国调解制度的基础上,并借鉴国外的诉辩交易及ADR机制提出的,有其存在的理论依据和实践基础.该机制的建立有利于和谐社会的建构,以及实现行政纠纷解决机制的多元化.     

工资集体协商与和谐劳动关系构建——工会在工资集体协商中的角色定位

现阶段我国劳动力市场竞争激烈,劳动关系呈现出复杂多变、权责失衡、矛盾加剧的特征。在多方因素呈现出对劳动者不利的现实条件下,维护职工合法权益,构建和谐劳动关系成为各级政府和工会组织共同的工作目标。推进企业工资集体协商是促进企业发展,实现劳资双赢的需要;是构建和谐社会、建立新型劳动关系的重要举措。工会是工资集体协商机制实施的领跑者,要加强企业工会组织建设,建立和完善工资协商机制。     

集体谈判中工人代表的行为偏好分析与激励机制建构

在劳动关系领域,集体谈判被认为是维护劳工权益的有效制度.但中国的经验表明,集体谈判制度的有效性并未得到工人,特别是基层工人的充分肯定.之所以出现这一问题,是因为工人代表在集体谈判中的行为偏好及其与之耦合的激励机制缺位所致.因此,关注工人代表在集体谈判中的行为偏好并建立与之一致的激励机制,是提升中国集体谈判制度效果的现实选择,也是维护工人权益,促进劳资和谐乃至社会和谐的重要之举.