提高劳动报酬 促进经济平稳较快发展

扩大内需特别是消费需求是我国经济长期平稳较快发展的根本立足点,但30多年来我国经济发展过程中却长期存在过度依赖对外贸易、政府投资和廉价劳动力等问题,再加上我国劳动报酬的长期偏低且在GDP中的比例不断下降,致使扩大内需乏力,为此,有必要建立有助于劳动报酬稳步提高的工资制度,改变劳动报酬偏低的状况,促进经济平稳较快发展。     

浅析美国辩诉交易制度及借鉴

辩诉交易制度是美国刑事诉讼中颇具特色的制度 ,其生存于当事人进行主义的诉讼价值理念与诉讼构造中 ,有其合理的内核 ,对我国刑事诉讼简易程序的改造与吸收辩诉交易合理内核问题提供相应对策与借鉴 ,并纠正对辩诉交易制度“误读”而产生的误解。     

当前基层工会工作的一些问题与建议

当前基层工会工作存在着集体合同协商中走过场和集体哑口等现象，究其原因，主要是体制建设和组织建设不完善、工会理论研究未能切合基层工会之所需。今后应从强化工会理论创新、加强法规建设和组织建设等方面入手，最大限度地发挥基层工会组织的积极作用。     

推行工资集体协商制度刍议

从历史经验、现实发展、未来要求、国际惯例上看,加快企业工资制度改革,推行工资集体协商制度具有客观必然性和现实紧迫性;实施工资集体协商制度对于改善企业分配机制、加强工会职责、促进社会和谐共享具有重要意义;加快企业工资制度改革,推行工资集体协商重点在于:源头立法是前提、改革工会是关键、转变观念是基础、健全机制是核心。     

公众参与最低工资标准调整的国际比较研究 ------ 以澳大利亚和美国为例

最低工资标准调整的核心问题之一是劳资双方利益的协调。从市场经济发达国家的实践来看， 公众的有效参与有助于科学调整最低工资标准，实现劳资共赢。本研究对澳大利亚和美国最低工资标准调整中 的公众参与模式进行了比较分析，基于参与式治理CLEAR模型，从公众参与我国最低工资标准调整的现状出发, 总结澳、美两国公众参与模式对我国的借鉴意义。研究建议，釆取加强工会建设、强化劳资双方参与意识、构 建有效的劳资双方参与方式、重视专家参与和推动良性互动等措施，促进公众参与最低工资标准调整。     

Losing out on substance but winning procedurally? The European Parliament and accountability in crisis legislation

Recent studies have found that the European Parliament (EP) had limited substantive influence on the European Union’s response to the European debt crisis. It has been argued that Parliament compensated this loss by expanding its oversight powers over executive bodies in the implementation of crisis legislation. This article systematically assesses the conditions under which the EP has been successful in increasing its account-holding powers, using new data on the accountability provisions included in economic and financial legislation put forward between 2009 and 2014. It is found that Parliament has indeed been more likely to gain oversight powers in crisis legislation. Levels of accountability are also higher in package deals and more salient legislation. The findings here provide a more nuanced picture of Parliament’s inter-institutional gains and losses in recent years and give more insight into the EP’s account-holding role.     

The “Distance Traveled”: Investigating the Downstream Consequences of Charge Reductions for Disparities in Incarceration

Abstract

Relatively little work examines the impact that charging decisions exert on sentencing. We investigate this issue by estimating the “distance traveled” in charge bargaining, or the expected change in the likelihood of incarceration associated with reductions in charges across different stages of prosecution. Using data from New York County, we examine how the probability of incarceration shifts as a result of charging decisions and how this potentially contributes to social inequalities in incarceration. Findings indicate that charge reductions are associated with sizeable decreases in the probability of incarceration, particularly at the plea bargaining stage. On average, the “distance traveled” is substantially greater for female than male defendants and for White compared to Latino and Black defendants, even after accounting for a host of relevant punishment factors. Findings are discussed as they relate to contemporary theoretical perspectives on prosecutorial decision-making and social inequality in punishment.     

论我国罢工立法与罢工转型的关系

我国现实型罢工具有劳资性罢工与政治性罢工混合、权利争议罢工与利益争议罢工混合、群体性罢工、谈判前罢工、非法罢工等特点。鉴于现实型罢工的诸多弊端和罢工在市场经济中的不可避免性,应当积极推动现实型罢工转向目标型罢工,即分别采取措施,促使混合型罢工转向劳资性罢工和利益争议罢工、群体性罢工转向团体性罢工、谈判前罢工转向谈判中罢工。此种转型亦即对现实型罢工的预防。与罢工转型同步且引导罢工转型的罢工立法,其策略要点有:罢工立法的样本以目标型罢工为主;灵活处理集体合同立法与罢工立法的关系;妥当安排集体(群体)劳动争议调解、仲裁立法与罢工立法的关系;坚持罢工保障与罢工规制并重。     

Nordic-Baltic Interaction in European Union Negotiations: Taking Advantage of Institutionalized Cooperation

Given the long tradition of regional cooperation around the Baltic Sea, one could expect the Nordic-Baltic European Union (EU) members (these countries are known as the NB6; they are Sweden, Demark, Finland, Latvia, Estonia and Lithuania) to pool power in exerting influence in the EU. By drawing on the empirical evidence from the case studies on the Baltic Sea Strategy, the Stockholm Programme, and the EU climate negotiations, the author explains the mechanisms through which the members of the institutionalized coalition of NB6 interact in pre-negotiation stage in the EU Council, thus enhancing their bargaining power. However, we cannot speak of a permanent regional “bloc” in the EU because of member states’ interest differences.     

Plea Discounts or Trial Penalties? Making Sense of the Trial-Plea Sentence Disparities

Abstract

There is a consensus that defendants who plead guilty generally receive less harsh sentences than similarly-situated defendants convicted at trial. However, there is less consensus on how to characterize this disparity in the sentence. Some researchers refer to the disparities as “trial penalties,” whereas others refer to them as “plea discounts.” We contend that the two terms have different theoretical backgrounds and underlying assumptions. As a result, the theories require different modeling strategies, and can lead to different predictions on the relationship between the disparity and some key case characteristics.

We start by differentiating the two perspectives theoretically. We then present an empirical analysis on defendants in New York State to substantiate our theoretical arguments. We demonstrate that the estimates of the trial-plea disparities depend on the assumption of the default, as estimates of the trial penalties differed considerably from the estimates of the plea discounts.