Labor Economics Explanation of Offshore Outsourcing: An Analytical Perspective of Wage,Labor Efficiency and Labor structure

The outsourcing decision of enterprises depends on cost comparison and price game, while the implementation of a country’s offshore outsourcing is closely related to wage level, social labor efficiency and labor structure. These factors directly affect the job selection, outsourcing scale and the choice of providing countries in offshore outsourcing. The research result shows that transnational outsourcing is actually a kind of specialized division of labor resources among countries, which is essentially due to the obstacle of resources elements’ free flow among countries. It is the realistic optimal choice for a country to make up for the contradiction between supply and demand of labor in the short term. In addition, the nature of the job, the volume of business, the level of technology, and the design of the national political system will have an important impact on the implementation of offshore outsourcing.     

Negotiating democracy with authoritarian regimes. EU democracy promotion in North Africa

ABSTRACT

In order to better understand the dynamics of international cooperation on democracy promotion with authoritarian regimes, this article looks into the processes and results of negotiations on democracy (promotion) between the European Union (EU) and two of its North African neighbours (Morocco, Tunisia) in the decade leading up to the Arab uprisings. Asking if, how, and to what effect the EU and its Mediterranean partners have negotiated issues related to democracy promotion, it analyses official documents issued on the occasion of their respective association council meetings in 2000-2010. It shows that partners have indeed addressed these issues since the early 2000s, however, without engaging in substantive exchanges. Most of the time, conflicts have been neither directly addressed nor resolved. Where there are traces of actual negotiations leading to an agreement, these are clearly based on a logic of bargaining rather than arguing. These findings challenge the picture of harmony and cooperation between the EU and Morocco. Furthermore, they point to the low quality of these exchanges which reinforces the dilemma of international democracy promotion in cooperation with authoritarian regimes.     

Opening Pandora’s Box: How Does Defendant Race Influence Plea Bargaining?

Minority overrepresentation in the criminal justice system has long been an important topic of research and policy debate. In New York City, recent changes in the Rockefeller Drug Laws and the controversy around police stop-and-frisk practices have placed an even greater emphasis on the need for studying the possible impact of defendants’ race and ethnicity on criminal justice outcomes. Relatively little contemporary research, though, examines plea-bargaining outcomes. Using unique data on misdemeanor marijuana cases, this study examines the impact of defendants’ race on prosecutors’ decisions to make (a) plea offers for a lesser charge and (b) sentence offers for non-custodial punishments. Preliminary findings indicated that black defendants were less likely to receive reduced charge offers, and both black and Latino defendants were more likely to receive custodial sentence offers. However, these disparities were largely explained by legal factors, evidence, arrest circumstances, and court actor characteristics, though black defendants were still more likely to receive custodial sentence offers after including these controls. No differences were found between white and Asian defendants. Implications for research and prosecutorial practices are discussed.     

Labor–Management Relations: Understanding and Practicing Effective Negotiations

Periodic collective bargaining between employers and unions, combined with contract administration and workplace dispute resolution, has provided many core insights for the broad field of negotiations. Over the past twenty-five years, this arena has advanced knowledge regarding the interdependence of integrative and distributive bargaining, the concurrent shaping of attitudes, the management of internal relations (within a party), and the roles of elected and appointed agents. Public sector negotiations have provided new insights into the dynamics of multilateral bargaining as well as a broad array of mediation and arbitration models. While the number of labor agreements negotiated each year has declined over the past half century, at least 23,000 private sector agreements are still executed each year and fundamental changes in industrial relations systems make continued attention to labor–management negotiations of increasing importance. In particular, this arena now features highly structured approaches applying interest-based bargaining principles and presents profound challenges as power relations shift in multiple ways.     

中国性别工资差距实证研究综述

本文对近年来关于中国性别工资差距的实证研究作了系统综述。对每一项研究,本文都从内容、方法、使用的数据、结论等方面进行了分析,发现该领域的研究有两个发展趋势:第一,由研究男女在平均工资上的差距发展到研究他们在整个工资分布上的差距;第二,由单纯研究男女在工资方面的差距发展到研究性别工资差距与性别职业(或行业)隔离、性别劳动参与率差别等的相互关系。     

辩诉交易的博弈分析--以囚徒困境为例

辩诉交易制度以抗辩式审判方式、法官居中裁判为制度基础,辩诉交易是控诉方与辩护方出于理性作出的行为,通过博弈论对辩诉交易进行分析,可以更好的理解辩诉交易在审理取证困难的疑难案件时,虽然不理想但却十分必要,是退而求其次的在公正与效率间寻求博弈均衡,是提高诉讼效益之必要方式.     

政府干预与劳动者权益--兼与王一江先生商榷

最低工资制度在中国的实施是有效的,并不会出现劳动经济学理论规范分析得出的"获益者是被覆盖部门,损失者是未覆盖部门"这种现象.主要原因是,中国规范部门的工资高于均衡工资,更高于最低工资;中国不规范部门,实际上是雇主垄断型劳动力市场.政府应该干预劳动力市场、劳动关系的运行,政府干预的价值取向是,确立劳动者主体地位、追求经济效率.     

山东省机械企业一线职工收入分配状况的调查分析与对策建议

经调查,2007-2009年近三年来,山东省机械企业一线职工的工资收入增长缓慢,收入水平偏低,职工收入分配差距不断扩大,职工对企业工资决定机制参与度低,职工对收入分配不公平反映强烈。分析造成这种状况的原因,主要是有关法律法规不完善、政府宏观调控乏力、企业内部工资决定机制设置不合理、工会组织发挥作用不够等。改进的对策和建议是：加快修订和完善企业工资分配等方面的法律、法规;强化政府宏观调控的措施和手段;指导企业建立公平合理的工资分配机制;充分发挥工会组织在调节企业收入分配中不可代替的作用。     

解析工资集体协商中的三个难题

工资集体协商工作要想开展得富有成效,仅有法律支持还不够,尚须努力破解三大实际难题:一是"不敢谈"的问题;二是寻求协商共同点难的问题;三是协商争议解决难的问题。这些难题,需要相关部门与相关同志在实践中都来作积极的破解性探索。