Islamic Fundamentalism and Women's Employment in Indonesia

It is commonly observed that the economic position of women seems particularly precarious in countries where political Islam is on the ascendant. The usual interpretation is that the first condition is a result of the second. Drawing on evidence from a wide variety of countries, but particularly Indonesia, this paper demonstrates that Islamic doctrines are by no means universal, that they do not invariably discriminate against women in economic terms. A review of the recent economic and political changes leading to the rise of political Islam and changes in female labour market participation patterns suggests that establishing a causal relationship between the two is problematic and can be misleading. Evidence from Indonesia challenges ideological reductionism based on stereotypical assumptions about the impact of Islam to explain women's economic roles.²     

新闻立法刍议

新闻活动对国家和公民的生活有着举足轻重的影响作用。新闻活动需要用法律来规范，新闻立法的基本原则有两个方面，一是新闻的自由性；二是禁止新闻权力滥用。     

Civilization and international society: the case of European Union expansion

Joining a society of some kind requires the fulfillment of certain standards. In international society, states acknowledge the need for certain collective standards of international conduct if international order is to be maintained. The first truly global application of international norms took place during the nineteenth century through the process of the expansion of the European society of states and its gradual transformation to the contemporary global international society. In this process, the standard of ‘civilization’ played an essential role in determining which states would join the expanding European society and which ones would not. Despite the major changes that have occurred, the standard of ‘civilization’ has remained an international practice as well as a benchmark against which the attitudes and policies of states are assessed. Nowhere can this be seen more clearly than in the EU policy of ‘membership conditionality’. Although many explanations for EU expansion have been put forward rather absent from debate has been the civilization dimension which is embedded in membership conditionality and which should be given more emphasis.     

不该冲突的商标与商号

商标与商号均属于<保护工业产权巴黎公约>保护的对象.在我国,商标权与商号权属于不同的法律规范,二者之间在法定的规范内本来不该存在所谓的冲突问题.但是近年来商号与商标的冲突问题成为我国知识产权保护的尴尬难题.解决的关键是尽快修订不完善的法律、法规和规章,明确取消不能适应市场经济发展的各种规定,加强市场监管,防止权利滥用.     

物权变动模式之选择与交易安全

物权变动模式之争历时已数百年,交易安全在其中扮演着重要角色。但物权变动与交易安全是两个层面的问题,价值取向不完全一致,不应当合并在一起用一个规则来处理。意思主义的物权变动模式使物权变动和交易安全的问题都得到了较好解决,反对者所提出的诘难是不能成立的。     

福利行政调查权与受益人权利保障

作为一种特殊类型的行政调查形式,福利调查在福利领域发挥着重要的作用。通过多种形式的福利调查,公民得以享有一定的福利权益。但在福利调查的过程中,往往可能对公民的隐私等权益造成一定的侵犯。因此,行政机关在获得信息的同时,如何保障公民的权益,这无疑是未来行政调查研究的方向之一。     

对新破产法实施状态下的职工权益保护

新破产法否定了既往我国破产实践中广泛存在的，将破产国有企业劳动债权优先于担保债权清偿的政策性做法，而规定劳动债权作为一般债权受偿。此一规定的改变，理顺了一般劳动债权与担保债权的关系，符合一般法治理念，但也给政府的破产企业职工劳动者权益保护政策带来挑战。政府应未雨绸缪，采取多种措施保护企业劳动者权益。     

法国违宪审查制度探析

宪法至上、基本人权的保障、现代法治国这些观念被普遍认同与接受,是法国违宪审查制度建立的重要基础。与其他欧洲国家相比,法国违宪审查制度存在着缺陷,表现为宪法委员会的法律地位不明确,个人不能直接向宪法委员会提出违宪审查的请求,宪法委员会仅对法律实施事先审查等等。宪法在司法诉讼中的适用,打破了宪法委员会对违宪审查的垄断权,同时也引起了新的法律问题。通过改革来完善现有的违宪审查制度是法国学者的重要研究议题。其中,先行裁决制度由于它的各种优点,对完善违宪审查制度将起重要的作用。     

关于我国破产重整计划批准制度的思考——以债权人利益保护为中心

法院批准是重整计划生效的必要条件,它直接影响到债权人的利益。在法院批准重整计划的制度中,应当为认为受到不利影响的债权人提供异议的机会,保障其程序权利,同时应当设立完善的保护债权人利益的法律标准,作为法院在批准重整计划时必须遵循的条件,防止法院重整计划批准权的滥用和误用。我国新《企业破产法》中的重整计划批准制度存在许多不足,不能充分体现保护债权人利益的要求。     

和谐社会、法治文明与公民权利保障

建设和谐社会的目标包括了法治建设的根本内容,法治文明、法治社会是和谐社会的要求和保障。法治文明形成的历史过程决定现代法治必然以保障公民权利为和谐,保障公民权利贯穿于法治文明的各项内在要求。我国要建立社会主义和谐社会,必须通过改进公民权利规定、进一步合理约束政府权力和完善公民权利表达与救济途径来实现。此外,针对社会中特殊群体,国家须采取特别措施,以真正保障全体公民的权利。