抵销诉讼及其判决的效力

抵销诉讼是两大法系国家的制度化选择。实践的迫切需求和制度空位的巨大断裂使得我国建立抵销诉讼制度成为必要。以实然的诉讼制度为基点,考量两种模式的抵销诉讼的优劣,反诉模式的抵销诉讼成为我国制度建构的理性选择。这种抵销诉讼模式的建立也提供了既判力正当化的制度根据。     

“不染楚风”——茶村体之于晚明清初诗坛的意义及对清中期诗坛的影响

杜溶诗在清初诗坛迥异于竟陵楚风,也置于虞山、云间诸体之外,形成独具一格的诗体--茶村体.茶村体的诗学意义体现于:在晚明公安、竞陵横扫诗坛之际,茶村体却能不染楚风;尊古守道,宣忠扬孝是杜溶诗文创作的主要动机,并重新将诗歌之旨定位于载道的高度;独尊少陵,对前后七子、公安、竞陵既有公允地反拨,亦有合理地修正.茶村体以独特的尊古方式丰富了晚明清初诗坛.作为清初诗坛的异响,茶村体在其时孤鹤独鸣,未显当世.但在作者卒后半个世纪,诗坛却给予了积极的回应--直接影响了清中期诗坛.     

Distribution profile of 2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromoamphetamine (DOB) in rats after oral and subcutaneous doses

2,5-Dimethoxy-4-bromoamphetamine (DOB) is one of the potent hallucinogenic phenylalkylamines, whose ingestion has already caused several deaths reported all over the world. However, there is unsufficient information on DOB properties based on controlled pharmacokinetic studies available. The aim of this study was to clarify the distribution profile of DOB and its phenolic metabolite 2-methoxy-5-hydroxy-4-bromoamphetamine (2M5H4BA) in blood and biological tissues of experimental rats. The rats were administered a 20 mg/kg dose of DOB·HCl by oral ingestion or subcutaneous injection. Plasma and brain, liver and lung tissues were collected at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 h after dosing (three animals per time point). The samples were prepared by a liquid–liquid extraction procedure and the extracts were assayed by GC–MS. After per oral application, DOB peak plasma level of 320 ng/mL was reached after one-hour post dosing as well as 2M5H4BA peak concentration of 203 ng/mL. A rapid phase of DOB absorption, 2M5H4BA formation and their tissue distribution during the first two hours after application were followed by a slow decrease rate of the elimination process until 32 h. After subcutaneous application, high plasma levels of the unchanged parent drug and relatively reduced formation of its metabolite 2M5H4BA were observed. DOB maximum plasma concentration of 1143 ng/mL was reached after one-hour post application, whereas its metabolite peak level after 8 h was 213 ng/mL. The concentration profiles of both compounds in plasma after per oral and subcutaneous administration revealed the existence of significant first pass effect after per oral administration that significantly affected DOB bioavailability. DOB tissue concentrations exceeded plasma and the highest values were found in the lungs, where drug accumulation occurred with prolonged retention till 32 h after subcutaneous dose. Although the plasma/tissue transfer was more effective for the lipophilic parent drug than for its hydroxylated metabolite 2M5H4BA, the metabolite tissue levels were significant. The hallucinogenic potential of 2M5H4BA appearing in brain remains unclear as nothing is known about its pharmacological activity at present.     

农村已婚青年女性自杀现象研究——基于湖北省大冶市丰村的个案分析(1980-2000)

家庭结构及其变动和人们的死亡观念是理解农村已婚青年女性自杀的关键因素。婆媳关系和夫妻关系及两者变迁所呈现出来的双重失衡状态,使得处于劣势地位的已婚青年女性容易走上自杀之路。人们相信死后还有一个存在的世界,并认为在死后的这个世界中,能够看到对造成她们自杀死亡者的惩罚,因而,自杀成为已婚青年女性寻求救助的一种手段。在这两大因素背后,更为基础的社会实践推动了自杀的产生。社会实践现场中自杀后的一系列表达是构成农村已婚青年女性对自杀死亡后进行想象的现实基础。现实生活中这种社会实践的上演与习练,会通过女性意念的投射与模化映置到未来的自杀实践中。     

郑和--中国和平外交的先行者

开展和平外交,是郑和下西洋最主要的目的和活动.郑和船队尊重各地习俗,礼待各国统治者和人民,积极进行文化交流,开展平等贸易,促进了中国与各国间友好关系的建立.郑和下西洋忠实地执行了明王朝睦邻友好的外交政策,谱写了中国与亚非各国和平友好关系的新篇章,使中外经济文化交流达到前所未有的鼎盛局面.     

德性：警察管理的新向度

加强对警察的管理必须从完善警察自身的素质方面下功夫,警察身上所内含的德性在警察管理的过程中蕴涵着重大的价值,应成为警察管理的又一新方向;警察德性建构的价值取向应是对人权的信仰、对法律的忠诚和对公正的维护;而警察管理中德性的养成则可以在他律和自律的逻辑中建构。     

科学发展观视阈下城乡一体化基层党建新格局构建研究——以北京市朝阳区常营乡为例

"构建城乡统筹的基层党建新格局"理应包括广大新兴农村城市化地区的基层党建这个层面,也即"城乡一体化基层党建",它的构建具有切实的紧迫性与必要性。文章对北京常营乡"村居合一"的城乡一体化基层党建新格局进行了挖掘和研究,总结了其构建途径、实施效果和创新特色,并提出了三点对策,即以科学发展观为灵魂,以地区实际为出发点,以自身建设为落脚点,构建城乡一体化基层党建新格局。     

双向交流在构建馆读和谐中的作用

双向交流对构建和谐的馆读关系具有重要作用。馆读双方应灵活采取多种交流方式，消除交流障碍，提高交流质量，促进馆读和谐。     

《公司法》有关公司对外担保新规定的质疑

新修改的《公司法》有关公司对外担保问题的规定,对于规范公司担保秩序有一定的积极意义,但是这些规定也有明显的局限性,主要表现在:规则的自律性和强制性交融,担保的合法有效性未得到明确;法条过于简洁,牺牲了规则的精确性,导致规则的不确定性;过度追求交易安全,片面要求股东大会对担保事项决议,损害交易效率;未给特殊的公司类型留下特别的空间,妨碍公司日常业务的合法开展;法律本身的缺憾加上有关监管规章的未紧密配套,使得有关缺憾更加明显。     

《大戴礼记》诂正

<大戴礼记>因不为两汉经师所传注,以致篇章残落,亡佚过半,今本多有残缺的内容.自北周卢辩作注以来,至清代校释者甚多,然疑义未能尽明,今选取部分条目加以辨正,以资探讨.