The Evolution of Balanced and Restorative Justice

Maloney, Armstrong, and Romig presented a portrait of “Joey,” who was the exemplar of what was wrong with the juvenile justice system, in 1988 when they published The Balanced Approach in this Journal. In response, they reimagined a juvenile justice system predicated on balancing three fundamental goals—protection of community, accountability to victims, and development of competencies to prepare juvenile court‐involved youth for productive roles in their communities. The authors examine the evolution of balanced and restorative justice and re‐imagine how Joey's life may have been different at critical junctures of his juvenile court involvement.     

Promoting Stability for Youth Returning from Residential Care: Attorney Perspectives

Aftercare services have been suggested to improve reintegration for youth departing residential care programs. The purpose of this study was to collect views from legal professionals about the challenges youth and families face during reintegration and solutions to improve stability. Views were collected from 14 legal professionals (e.g., guardian ad litem, legal counsel) through a survey and 90‐minute nominal group technique focus group. Results indicated parent expectations about re‐entry and lack of services, supports and resources were challenges. Solutions suggested by participants included family, mental health and educational supports, and transition planning. Study limitations and future implications are discussed.     

儿童福利视野下的少年司法路径选择

经过近三十年的探索与发展,我国少年司法制度在维护未成年人合法权益及预防未成年人违法犯罪上取得较大成绩。随着少年司法改革的进一步深化及与国际接轨的沉重压力,当前迫切需要以儿童福利理念、机制与政策全面贯彻少年司法始终,逐步建立、健全少年司法与刑事司法双轨制,并提升少年刑事司法、少年民事司法及少年行政司法一体化建设,推动青少年事务局等专门性、专业性政府协调机构的建立。     

统筹城乡基本公共服务探析

统筹城乡发展是科学发展观中五个统筹中的一项内容。统筹城乡基本公共服务是统筹城乡发展的基石。然而,在实践中却存在着许多问题,本文在对统筹城乡基本公共服务存在的问题进行分析的基础上,提出了提高统筹城乡发展基本公共服务水平的对策。     

Local Politics and Depolitisation in Chile

Abstract— This study focuses on the consequences at the local level of decentralisation and state disengagement policies in Chile. We proceed in two stages. First, we analyse whether the nature of urban collective goods and services has changed from political to economic. Next, we study the effect of these policies on community/ authority relations, and more broadly, on local politics. A case study of the city of Conception serves to explore our questions. We conclude that the local community has adapted to the economic nature of collective goods and has developed the necessary organisation, technical and leadership skills. Power politics however have not disappeared but are now in higher institutional levels. Politicians do not seem to have followed the trend and thus have still to open to democratic participation and legitimate representation as expressed by the citizens' aggregated interests.     

Citizens’ Readiness to Adopt and Use E-government Services in the City of Harbin,China

This study applied the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to investigate the factors that would influence adoption and use of e-government services by citizens of Harbin in China. A total of 382 respondents took part in the study. The findings of this research revealed that Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Service Quality, and Citizen Trust have significant positive impact on citizens’ intention to adopt and use e-government services while Perceived usefulness was found not to have any significant positive impact on citizens’ intention to use e-government services in Harbin, China. The implications of this study is further discussed.     

Development of E-Governance and Electronic Services in Ministry of Finance

Over the last two decades, government has made essential changes in order to improve public administration functioning. These changes were driven by a new government philosophy. The key concept in this new public policy is to connect information society, and public administration. In this context, the purpose of this study is through analyzing the process of computerization of public administration to determine the specific services provided electronically to the National Revenue Agency （NRA） in Ministry of Finance. Ministry of Finance and NRA are the administrative bodies that are reformed significantly in this field. E-governance is a political concept and philosophy which includes principles and the public administration working mechanism. E-government is electronic services provision platform that uses information and communication technology. The extensive monitoring and analysis lead to conclusions in two key areas--legal and technical organization. The lack of consistency between governments and the total reorganization of some areas of the state causes difficulties in implementing cyber plan in administrative services. There are other essential weaknesses that corrupt the system electronic reforms. It is important to be created a digital broadband market in Bulgaria. This will integrate the network systems of Bulgarian official institutions in a common electronic network.     

顾客感知对城乡居民公共教育服务满意度“倒挂”的一个解释框架——基于CGSS2015的实证研究

运用CGSS2015年调查数据,通过多元有序Probit回归分析我国城乡居民公共教育服务满意度,对比发现:农村居民对公共教育服务的总体满意度略高于城市居民,与现实城乡公共教育服务供给情况形成反差,出现"倒挂"现象。基于顾客感知价值原理,城乡居民对公共教育服务资源充足性、普惠性和便利性的感知由高到低地影响公共教育服务体验,"不患贫而患不均"可以解释城乡满意度"倒挂"现象。此外,城市和农村实际上客观存在两个相对分割的基础教育市场,农村教育投入的增速较快,有利于缩小城乡的差距,但城市的组内差距仍然巨大,城乡居民皆"患不均",这为未来公共服务供给提供了新的思路。     

The Impact of Gravity-Weighted Knowledge Spillovers on Productivity in Manufacturing

This paper tests for localized knowledge spillovers from out-of-state innovations in U.S. manufacturing from 1977 to 1997. The source of these spillovers is innovations categorized into six technologies based on U.S. patent classes and patent data. Using a gravity-weighting for out-of-state innovations, knowledge spillovers are found from mechanical technologies and drug and medical technologies for a broad group of manufacturing industries. Innovations from chemical-related technologies are found to generate spillovers for the Chemical and Allied Products Industry and for the Transportation Equipment Industry. Additionally, specialization of production at the two-digit Standard Industrial Classification of industry level is also found to increase state-level productivity in manufacturing.     

关于政府购买公共服务的探讨

政府购买公共服务是市场经济条件下社会发展的一项新生事物,它既体现了政府追求效率,转变职能的方式,又促进了社会组织的发展成熟,是政府与社会组织合作的一种崭新方式。本文从政府购买公共服务的内涵、国内外政府购买的现实、政府购买存在的问题、政府购买的对策几个方面进行了初步探讨,试图对正在开展和即将开展的政府购买工作起到借鉴作用。