The Evolution of Public Service Provision by the Third Sector in France

Public services have been externalised, in part, to the non‐profit sector in France and in the United Kingdom. This article begins by reviewing relations between the public and non‐profit sector in France before 2008, and its evolution since. This has been characterised by the slow reduction of public funding, the adaptation of non‐profit associations and organisations, and their clearer positioning within a wider ‘social and solidarity economy’, which was consolidated by a framework Law in 2014. The article then examines the current sharing of responsibilities between the public and non‐profit sectors in education, health and social services, pointing to the diverse historical and political conditions which have led to this shared organisation.     

论劳务派遣工同工不同酬难题的破解路径

《劳动合同法》虽然规定了劳务派遣工有同工同酬的权利,但现实生活中同工不同酬是不争的事实,不仅表现在基本工资、加班加点工资、奖金、各类津贴和补贴等显性利益分配方面,还表现在劳动安全保障费、教育培训费、社会保险费等隐性利益分配方面。破解劳务派遣工同工不同酬难题,最关键的是要从源头上根治,在立法上确保劳务派遣工同工同酬,同时还要多措并举。一方面,相关职能部门要切实履行好自身职责;另一方面,需要劳动者提高维权意识,用法律的武器维护自身权益。     

Editorial

Most human services are still organized by clock-time and by the expectations created by layers of policy, bureaucracy, and material resources. These expectations often interfere with the ability of professionals to meet the needs of children and families. There are other ways of doing things that have long been known, even tried on a rare occasion. We should continue to promote these ideas, in the hope of better service to families.     

Effect of Early Child Care and Education Attendance Hours on Parent–Child Interaction in Central Asia: Evaluation of Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys

Parent–child interaction is important for early childhood development and best practice in early child care and education (ECCE) promotes effective parent–child interaction. However, research about ECCE impact on parent–child interaction is inconclusive. This study analyzed data from Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) to examine the effect of ECCE attendance on parent–child interactions in Central Asia, using a 2SLS regression analysis to explicitly model selection bias and isolate the causal effect of ECCE on the quality of parent–child interactions.The study found that increased hours of ECCE led to increased parent–child interaction in every country under investigation. This demonstrates that even underfunded ECCE programs in Central Asia can have significant positive effect, and has broader implications for all ECCE programs.     

Chapter 6: Northern Ireland as a Case Study of the Development of Treatment Foster Care

Major Developments in the history of fostering in Northern Ireland are described, major problems identified and suggestions made for the current and future development of specialist fostering arrangements.     

Childhood:

The author begins by describing various terms that are used in discussion of addictive disorders and how they relate to one another. The tern "intrapsychic addiction" is proposed as describing the substrate ef the externally manifested addictions (chemical dependency, compulsive gambling, eating, overwork, etc.). The author then reviews the physical, psychoIogical and social factors which predispose children to addiction. A model relating these various factors to one another is presented.     

Chapter 4: Social Learning Principals:

No abstract available for this article.     

Financial and Political Factors Motivating the Privatisation of Municipal Water Services

Financial and political factors are widely considered to be an explanatory factor of the privatisation of public services. However, the empirical evidence in this respect is not convincing. This paper considers elements of long-term financial condition and ideological and political strength, together with other socio-economic factors and the effects of the current global financial crisis, to address the financial stress–privatisation relationship, with respect to urban water services, observed during the period 2002–2012 in Spanish municipalities. A discrete time survival model is applied, and the results obtained show that certain elements of financial condition, together with political and ideological factors, are decisive influences in decisions to privatise urban water services. We also highlight the major impact of the Great Recession and its effect on the financial stress–privatisation relationship.     

融通与碰撞:大湾区建设中的区际法律服务合作

区际法律服务合作不仅仅是区域服务贸易自由化的一个进程,而且还是大湾区配套制度建设的重要组成部分,它有利于开掘利用大湾区内多样化的法律资源,为大湾区建设提供法律保障,促进区域性纠纷解决中心的形成。未来内地和香港之间区际法律服务合作必然会由单向市场开拓朝着双向业务合作深化和过渡,而制度碰撞与跨域监管问题将是制度完善的重要方向。     

政府购买服务视角下的政社关系再审视——基于A市“市级社会建设专项资金”（2013-2016）的实证研究

政府向社会组织购买服务作为近年来政府职能转变的重要举措与突出亮点,不仅体现了社会治理方式的创新,更在深层意义上反映了政府与社会关系格局的动态变化。基于2013-2016年A市政府使用“市级社会建设专项资金”购买社会组织服务的短面板数据,对政府购买服务视角下的政社关系重新进行了审视。实证结果表明,包括替代型关系与合作型关系在内的两类理论假设都得到了经验数据的部分支持,在功能替代、功能吸纳以及功能嵌入等不同机制的共同作用下,现阶段中国的政社关系表现为一种兼有替代与合作的复合形态。在对未来政社关系的展望上,认为政社关系的理想状态应当是在双向赋权和利益共容的基础上走向共生,但目前尚无充分理由认为政社关系已实现了从替代到共生的演化。