我国基本公共服务均等化问题研究

20世纪90年代中后期以来,随着我国经济的快速发展,城乡经济社会发展却严重失衡,居民收入差距逐渐扩大,社会矛盾日益突出.同时,广大社会成员对社会公平、正义的要求也比以往任何时期都更为迫切和强烈.要解决这些问题,实现基本公共服务均等化是一个很好的切入点.换言之,逐步实现基本公共服务均等化已经成为我国当前改革和发展的重要内容和重要目标,具有重大意义.但是,在我国这样一个发展中的大国,实现基本公共服务均等化不可能一蹴而就,应实施"同步推进,分步实现"的发展战略.     

我国基本公共服务均等化问题研究

基本公共服务均等化,是指全体公民享受基本公共服务的机会均等,范围相同,结果大体相等。它对于巩固党的执政地位、构建社会主义和谐社会、实现经济社会的可持续发展和全体社会成员共享改革发展成果具有积极的推动作用。现阶段,我国基本公共服务还存在着城乡差距巨大、区域差距明显、群体差距延续等非均等化问题,建议采取转变政府职能、建立城乡统筹的基本公共服务制度、健全公共财政体系、建立有助于实现基本公共服务均等化的政府绩效评估体系等措施予以化解。     

高校图书馆社会延伸服务发展探析

作为文献信息资源的聚集地,高校图书馆开展公益性的社会延伸服务可提高图书馆资源利用率,满足老百姓的精神文化需求,实现高校图书馆资源共享,并对我国构建学习型、节约型和谐社会产生推动作用。其社会延伸服务可惠及社会居民、打工人群、政府以及特定的行业等。其内容主要涉及普通的文献借阅服务、信息咨询服务、检索服务、数字图书馆和信息导航服务、报告会等社会公益活动。     

农村公共服务提供中的政府与基层社会组织：功能、问题与互动合作

农村公共服务问题是转型时期新农村建设中的难点,存在着供给总量不足、供给结构失衡、供给效率低下等一系列问题,亟需变革传统的单一供给模式。基于合作理论,应该通过重塑政府公共服务责任、确立基层社会组织的法定地住、明确合作中的各供给主体角色、实现多元化资金供给、规范合作参与机制等途径实现政府与基层社会组织的多元合作,破解农村公共服务提供的难题。     

浅谈我国社区矫正中的志愿服务

成熟社区的志愿者和志愿组织的参与是社区矫正发挥其功效的根本保障.倡导社区矫正中的志愿服务,首先在于纠正社区成员对志愿精神的理解偏差和对社区矫正的漠视;其次,需要完善相关立法和技术规范.如是,志愿服务才能夯实社区矫正内在要求的社区成员广泛参与的基石,其本身的发展更为社区成员参与社区治理,投身公民社会建设提供了广阔平台.     

基本公共服务视角下社会组织发展问题研究

改革开放以来,中国社会组织的发展有了一定的基础,在为民众提供基本公共服务领域中发挥着积极作用,但同时在经济社会建设与管理中也存在一些制约其进一步发展的因素,需要全社会培育和扶持社会组织,促其健康、有序、可持续发展,以便更好地发挥社会组织在提供基本公共服务中的独特作用。     

发展知识产权服务业的关键问题与政策研究

知识产权服务是高技术服务业的重要领域之一,是现代服务业新的增长点.在阐述了发展知识产权服务业的重要意义与知识产权服务业的产业定位,剖析了发展知识产权服务业需要处理的六大关系,包括公益性与商业化的关系,信息资源管理与开放的关系,分析工具的依赖引进与自主开发的关系,人才需求与职业资格的关系,政府扶持与市场培育的关系,统计体系与产业贡献率的关系,并提出了知识产权服务业发展对策,如理顺体制机制、促进基础信息资源建设与开发利用、加强行业管理、拓展服务范围、培育高端服务机构、壮大人才队伍.     

iGovernment: A new perspective on the future of government digitisation

Innovative use of ICT applications is rapidly becoming a cornerstone of modern government policy in every area of service, care and control. Looking beyond the individual applications and layers of digitisation, we find a hodgepodge of information flows running within and between the various public authorities, policy domains, and crossing the public/private boundary. This has consequences for the relation between government and citizens. Step by step, decision by decision, the everyday work of government is changing ‘the rules of the game’ and giving rise to “information Government” (iGovernment), without this being based on any overall strategic agenda or awareness among political decision-makers. This article places this development in a new framework and suggests a perspective on a necessary paradigm shift.     

How reliable is cloudsourcing? A review of articles in the technical media 2005–11

A review of articles in the technical media between 2005 and 3Q 2011 disclosed reports on 49 outages involving 20 cloudsourcing providers. Several of these were major events. Many caused difficulties for user-organisations’ staff. Some caused lengthy suspension of services by user-organisations to their customers. A number of them involved irretrievable loss of data. Many user-organisations have failed to risk-assess their use of cloudsourcing, and are exposing their businesses to unmanaged risks.     

PAROLEE RECIDIVISM IN CALIFORNIA: THE EFFECT OF NEIGHBORHOOD CONTEXT AND SOCIAL SERVICE AGENCY CHARACTERISTICS*

We studied a sample of reentering parolees in California in 2005–2006 to examine whether the social structural context of the census tract, as well as nearby tracts, along with the relative physical closeness of social service providers affects serious recidivism resulting in imprisonment. We found that a 1 standard deviation increase in the presence of nearby social service providers (within 2 miles) decreases the likelihood of recidivating 41 percent and that this protective effect was particularly strong for African American parolees. This protective effect was diminished by overtaxed services (as proxied by potential demand). We found that higher concentrated disadvantage and social disorder (as measured by bar and liquor store capacity) in the tract increases recidivism and that higher levels of disadvantage and disorder in nearby tracts increase recidivism. A 1 standard deviation increase in the concentrated disadvantage of the focal neighborhood and the surrounding neighborhoods increases the likelihood of recidivating by 26 percent. The findings suggest that the social context to which parolees return (both in their own neighborhood and in nearby neighborhoods), as well as the geographic accessibility of social service agencies, play important roles in their successful reintegration.