A Century After: The ‘Great DIET of Vilnius’ Revisited

The Vilnius assembly of December 1905 in Vilnius, the so-called ‘Great Diet’, is now seen as a watershed in the history of the Lithuanian national movement. The event was the culmination of socioeconomic changes as well as the growing assertiveness and political diversity of the Lithuanian national movement. The assembly radicalized village politics and encouraged the Lithuanian intelligentsia to formulate a vision of a future Lithuanian political entity. One enduring consequences of the Great Diet was increased acceptance of the idea of an independent state in which ethnic Lithuanians would assume the dominant role within a multinational framework.     

从汉冶萍公司兴衰看晚清宪政缺失与悲情

清末洋务工业化运动,由于落后生产关系与相对先进生产力的悖离,在经历了半个多世纪折腾后最终归于沉寂,被世界誉为"亚洲第一雄厂"且为大清帝国第一家股份制改制企业的汉冶萍钢铁煤联营公司仍然难逃倒闭破产的厄运。缘何自近代洋务始的国有企业均易短祚而亡,一直为学术界所重。清末政治精英与商务精英们共同创设了汉冶萍公司,但由于其晚清帝国近代化先天准备不足和基本政治制度的宪政缺失,在西方列强武力与资本裹挟的双重夹击中崩俎。本文意欲以汉冶萍为范例,寻绎晚清民族自强求富与变法救国宪政缺失的内在原因。     

张闻天在延安整风期间的调查研究活动

张闻天在陕北、晋西北的调查研究活动的动因是为了“还帐”与“补课”，以实际行动参加整风。在一年多的调查研究中，他对中国农村经济状况进行了具体深入的研究，对农村生产力与生产关系现状和发展趋势有了比较系统的认识。对当时农村政策的执行情况及调整办法提出了具有深刻见地的看法。     

从延安整风看“实事求是”

研究延安整风，可以深化对实事求是的认识。本文以毛泽东在延安整风中的理论和实践为中心，探讨中国共产党用“实事求是”概括马克思主义的思想路线的历史进程，实事求是的思想路线与党的政治路线的关系，实事求是的基本要点、精神实质、哲学世界观及其基本方法、现实途径。     

Missing Reliance

Book reviewed in this article:
Andrew Burrows, Understanding the Law of Obligations: Essays on Contract,Tort and Restitution     

Northern theories,Southern movements? Contentious politics in Africa through the lens of social movement theory

ABSTRACT

The article examines the extent to, and the conditions under which theoretical approaches from Social Movement Studies, mainly developed based on empirical experiences from the Global North, are appropriate for analysing contentious politics in the South, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. In order to answer this question, the article discusses whether social movements in Africa differ fundamentally from those in other world regions. Four main approaches from social movement theory are examined: resource mobilisation, political opportunity structures, framing, and collective identity, to find out how suitable they are for explaining empirical phenomena in Africa. It is argued that social movements in Africa are not principally different from those in other world regions. Approaches from social movement theory prove helpful in explaining phenomena in the South, although they suffer from the same weaknesses and limitations to their scope as they do regarding movements in the North.     

Visual attention and expertise for forensic signature analysis

Eye tracking was used to measure visual attention of nine forensic document examiners (FDEs) and 12 control subjects on a blind signature comparison trial. Subjects evaluated 32 questioned signatures (16 genuine, eight disguised, and eight forged) which were compared, on screen, with four known signatures of the specimen provider while their eye movements, response times, and opinions were recorded. FDEs' opinions were significantly more accurate than controls, providing further evidence of FDE expertise. Both control and FDE subjects looked at signature features in a very similar way and the difference in the accuracy of their opinions can be accounted for by different cognitive processing of the visual information that they extract from the images. In a separate experiment the FDEs re-examined a reordered set of the same 32 questioned signatures. In this phase each signature was presented for only 100 msec to test if eye movements are relevant in forming opinions; performance significantly dropped, but not to chance levels indicating that the examination process comprises a combination of both global and local feature extraction strategies.     

对“客观真实观”的几点批判

"客观真实说"尽管确实有一定的合理性,但它仅仅将刑事审判看做一种认识活动,抹杀了诉讼中的认识活动与哲学家、历史学家、自然科学家视野下的认识活动之间的界限,并且将这种以"重构已然事件"为目标的认识活动绝对化,不仅不符合认识的发展规律,也排除了人的主观性以及其他诉讼价值存在的可能性.因而,"客观真实说"的缺陷是极其明显的.相比而言,"法律真实说"能够较为恰当地表述刑事审判所认定事实的准确性程度,符合刑事审判的性质,能合理地解决实体公正价值与程序公正价值之间的冲突.尤其是,"法律真实说"具有可操作性,符合认识发展的规律.     

试论缅甸近代历史上的“1300运动”

"1300"运动是缅甸近代民族主义运动中影响最大的一次运动,这次运动由以下三部分组成1938-1939年仁安羌和稍埠石油工人大罢工和"饥饿进军";1938年的反穆斯林运动;以及1938-1939年的学生抗议运动."1300"运动促使缅甸人民更加团结,民族主义意识空前高涨,缅甸近代民族主义运动进而跨入了一个新的发展时期.     

清末报刊对世界妇女运动的报道及其对中国妇女运动的启蒙作用

当19世纪末世界妇女运动掀起第一次高潮时,中国妇女运动受报刊舆论对西方妇女运动报道的影响而深受其启蒙,成为世界妇女运动的一部分。晚清时期社会舆论已经形成规模,各种政治派别大多办有舆论机构,宣扬对妇女运动的立场和主张。通过整理这些报刊舆论,我们能够发现当时报刊刊登的各种妇女权利主张之间的区别。报刊等社会舆论对中国近代妇女运动的启蒙作用主要是暗示的方法,这样的方法在表现出多种优势的同时也存在着误读、早熟、笼统等缺点。