职场性骚扰案件的证据问题

职场性骚扰案件中,直接证据固然重要,但此类案件的特点决定了原告取得的往往是间接证据。法官应综合运用间接证据,运用逻辑推理和生活经验,对案件作出整体判断。同时,中国应修改证据规则,规定对证人拒不出庭作证采取强制措施,并应降低此类案件的证明标准,以应对原告举证难的困境。     

职场性骚扰受害妇女的法律救济

近年来,中国大陆发生了十余起性骚扰诉讼案件,以职场中女性遭受男上司、男同事性骚扰为主。因中国私法尚未对性骚扰侵权行为予以调整,致使当事人被动迎合现有案由,法院也因缺乏相应法律依据各自审理裁判。本文在分析几起典型的职场性骚扰案例的基础上,借鉴国外禁止性骚扰的立法经验,结合中国国情,提出了防止职场性骚扰的立法建议,以期对职场性骚扰受害妇女有所帮助。     

工作场所母乳喂养及其影响因素分析

工作场所母乳喂养问题，不仅事关女职工权益保护、母婴身心健康，而且对我国实施“三孩” 政策后如何平衡企业用工压力与女职工权益保护需求之间的张力，具有现实且积极的研究价值。研究从个人、 组织和社会结构三个层面对影响工作场所母乳喂养的因素进行分析。研究结果表明：在个体层面，学历对母乳 喂养整体时长与返岗后继续母乳喂养时长均产生影响；在组织层面，明确的规章制度是生育权益的有效保障； 在社会结构层面，随着产假的增加，其对延长母乳喂养时间的影响呈现边际效益递减。因此，科学合理的产假 制度和母婴友好型社会的构建，对促进母乳喂养具有特别重要的意义。研究建议，需要在宏观层面解决生育成 本的合理分担，以激发企业落实生育保护政策的积极性。     

The Nature and Incidence of Workgroup Innovation in the Australian Public Sector: Evidence from the Australian 2011 State of the Service Survey

Using data from a nationally representative survey of all Australian Government employees, we explore the nature of innovation implemented at the workgroup level and assess the multi‐dimensionality of the workgroup's ‘most significant innovation’ (MSI). Of the 10222 survey respondents, 48% reported at least one innovation implemented by their workgroup, with an innovation more commonly reported with an increase in the respondent's age, seniority, and service experience; among men and university graduates. The results reveal that 54% of the reported MSIs incorporate between two and five dimensions of innovation types (policy, service, service delivery, administrative/organizational, and conceptual), and most of these dimensions reinforce each other. Different dimensions of the MSI draw on different sources of ideas (with senior leaders having the broadest impact), face different ‘revealed’ barriers, require different levels of workplace creativity, and produce different beneficial effects. Our findings help strengthen an understanding of the influencing factors and the effects of multi‐dimensional public sector innovations.     

Age and changing masculinities in gay–straight male workplace friendships

Abstract

Drawing on interview data gathered from 35 gay men in the UK, this article explores how age influences the negotiation of masculinity within gay–straight male workplace friendships. Study findings show that gay–straight workplace friendships between younger men appear to be framed in terms of equality, not homophobia. Older gay men also report similar experiences, some suggesting how these friendships were not possible in their youth. Gay and straight men of a similar age are also united in friendship by their experiences of ageing and its implications for carrying out work. Interview data also reveal how gay–straight male friendships are constrained at work, thus limiting the opportunities for emotional openness and physical tactility. Overall, the study reveals how younger and older gay men, and their straight male friends, variously align themselves to inclusive masculinities within friendship. This article contributes to inclusive masculinity theory by extending the types of contexts currently studied, both relational and work-related, and adding further emphasis to the contextually contingent nature of inclusive masculinities. It also advances the limited literature on gay–straight friendships by highlighting how they might challenge and reshape the heteronormative contours of work contexts.     

The ‘shared workplace’ agenda in Northern Ireland: lessons from local government

The study considers the ‘Shared’ Workplace agenda in Northern Ireland, which is a significant aspect of the reconciliation process. Our emphasis is on the capacity of a wide group of work-based social identifications to affect, limit, and frustrate this policy. Specifically, we address the impact of spatial and functional factors as well as occupational and professional characteristics through fieldwork in three local authorities. Interviews were held with a cross section of 65 subjects, each of whom had either been employed by or worked in partnership with one of these authorities. Our study thus contrasts with much of the literature on Northern Ireland, which is concerned with the impact of Protestant/Catholic or Unionist/Nationalist identities on such reconciliation processes in the workplace and more widely. This approach enables us to develop insights about implementation of such agendas, specifically concerning Northern Ireland and other deeply divided societies. In the conclusion, connections are also made between our findings and consociational forms of governance.     

我国职场性骚扰雇主侵权责任研究

职场性骚扰严重侵害了雇员的权益,同时也扰乱了职场秩序.从民事侵权理论的角度,对雇主侵权责任的形态、选择进行对比与研究,借鉴一些发达国家的经验,建议我国制定《劳动法修正案》对职场性骚扰进行规制和责任承担,同时提倡欧美国家的工作单位内部防止性骚扰制度,来有效防治性骚扰.     

工作场所外待命时间劳动法属性认定的困境突破:劳动基准法和劳动合同法的共同应对

雇员按雇主指示在工作场所外待命能否被认定为工作时间及应否获得工资等权益保护,是劳动法上的典型难题。这一问题可分别从劳动基准法和劳动合同法两个视角认识和解决:雇员在工作场所外待命,乃是受雇主拘束管理的劳动给付行为,应计为劳基法上的工作时间,使其享有最高工时限制、最低工资保障、劳动保护和工伤权益保障及必要休息时间等对价权益;而待命工资支付问题,本质上属于劳动力市场上的交易行为,应允许劳雇双方依劳动合同法“自愿、合法、公平”原则协商解决。     

中国的工作歧视:形式、原因及对策

本文是对我国工作歧视现象的研究。本文分析了我国工作歧视的形式,分析了工作歧视产生的原因,并且提出对策。本文认为,国家的作用在我国反工作歧视中至关重要,国家不仅要完善立法和执法,还要规范自身的用工行为,清理和及时废止与劳动者平等就业权相悖的法律法规,承担生育成本,培育劳动者自身组织的力量等等。     

Human Factors Effecting Forensic Decision Making: Workplace Stress and Well‐being

Over the past decade, there has been a growing openness about the importance of human factors in forensic work. However, most of it focused on cognitive bias, and neglected issues of workplace wellness and stress. Forensic scientists work in a dynamic environment that includes common workplace pressures such as workload volume, tight deadlines, lack of advancement, number of working hours, low salary, technology distractions, and fluctuating priorities. However, in addition, forensic scientists also encounter a number of industry‐specific pressures, such as technique criticism, repeated exposure to crime scenes or horrific case details, access to funding, working in an adversarial legal system, and zero tolerance for “errors”. Thus, stress is an important human factor to mitigate for overall error management, productivity and decision quality (not to mention the well‐being of the examiners themselves). Techniques such as mindfulness can become powerful tools to enhance work and decision quality.