Ethnic diversity and its spatial change in Latvia, 1897–2011

Utilizing data from five census enumerations of Latvia (including the most recent 2011 census), this study analyzes temporal and spatial trends in ethnic diversity in the country at the national and municipal levels. The measure employed, the ethnic diversity index (EDI), makes possible a more sophisticated interpretation of the dynamics of ethnic diversity than an analysis of the changing percentage shares of Latvia's various ethnic groups over time. At the national level, a trend of declining ethnic diversity prior to Latvia's incorporation into the Soviet Union was followed by a rapid increase during the Soviet period, before the onset of gradually decreasing diversity during the post-Soviet period. These national-level trends obscure a number of trends evident at the municipal level, including salient (depending on the period) ethnic diversity gradients Rīga–Latvia, cities/towns–countryside, and the east–west. Latvia remains one of the most ethnically diverse countries of Europe, and the study outlines some of the implications of the recent stagnation of regional EDIs at rather high levels for the economic and political life of the country.     

New Perspectives on the Chinese Rural Economy, 1885-1935

Abstract

In 1929 a nationa "uproar" erupted over the "Confucius Saw Nanzi Case" (Zi jian Nanzi an). It was sparked by Confucius' meeting Nanzi, the Duchess of Wei, on stage in the June 28, 1929 student performance of Lin Yutang's "one-act tragicomedy" Confucius Saw Nanzi at the Second Normal College at Qufu, Shandong Province, the birthplace of Confucius. Examined in detail in this study are both the "tragicomedy" and the "uproar," both the modern creative project and the social and political forces that shaped its text and reception.     

Developmental validation of a multiplex qPCR assay for assessing the quantity and quality of nuclear DNA in forensic samples

Forensic scientists are constantly searching for better, faster, and less expensive ways to increase the first-pass success rate of forensic sample analysis. Technological advances continue to increase the sensitivity of analysis methods to enable genotyping of samples containing minimal amounts of DNA, yet few tools are available that can simultaneously alert the analyst to both the presence of inhibition and level of degradation in samples prior to genotyping to allow analysts the opportunity to make appropriate modifications to their protocols and, consequently, to use less sample. Our laboratory developed a multiplex quantitative PCR assay that amplifies two human nuclear DNA target sequences of different length to assess DNA degradation and a third amplification target, a synthetic oligonucleotide internal PCR control (IPC), to allow for the assessment of PCR inhibition. We chose the two nuclear targets to provide quantity and fragment-length information relevant to the STR amplification targets commonly used for forensic genotyping. The long target (nuTH01, 170-190 bp) spans the TH01 STR locus and uses a FAM-labeled TaqMan probe for detection. The short nuclear target (nuCSF, 67 bp) is directed at the upstream flanking region of the CSF1PO STR locus and is detected using a VIC-labeled TaqManMGB probe. The IPC target sequence is detected using a NED-labeled TaqManMGB probe. The assay was validated on the Applied Biosystems 7500 Real-Time PCR system, which is optimized for NED detection. We report the results of a developmental validation in which the assay was rigorously tested, in accordance with the current SWGDAM guidelines, for precision, sensitivity, accuracy, reproducibility, species specificity, and stability.     

质量管理的世纪回顾与发展展望

本文回顾了 2 0世纪质量管理的发展历程 ,总结了质量管理发展各阶段的主要思想观念、方法及特点 ,并展望了新世纪质量管理的发展前景。     

Wohnbeihilfe

Ein (vom Vater) gew?hrtes (rückzahlbares) Darlehen ist kein einer Wohnbeihilfe hinderlicher Zuschuss.     

Genetic Data Analysis of Nine STRs in Two Caribbean Colombian Populations: César and Guajira

POPULATION:  We have analyzed the distribution of the allele frequencies and parameters of forensic interest at nine short tandem repeat (STR) loci (CSF1PO, D3S1358, D5S818, D7S820, D13S317, FGA, TH01, TPOX, and vWA) in a sample population of 165 unrelated individuals from César and Guajira, Caribbean populations of Colombia.     

江西汉族人群D2S1338、TPOX、TH01基因座多态性

本文采用Amp-FLP技术和银染法对D2S1338、TPOX、TH013个STR基因座遗传多态性进行了调查,现报道如下。1材料与方法1.1样本的采集及处理随机采集220人份江西地区汉族人群无血缘关系的个体静脉全血1m l,ACD抗凝。1.2 PCR扩增及产物的检测采用多位点STR同步扩增法,采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶DNA电泳和银染法[1]。1.3统计学处理用χ2检验判断各位点的基因型分布是否符合Hardy-W einberg平衡法则,计算期望杂合度(H)、个体识别率(DP)和多态性信息含量(PIC值)[2]。2结果D2S1338共检出等位基因12个,基因频率分布在0.0023~0.1758之间;TPOX共…     

王国维美学与20世纪中国美学

王国维美学对20世纪中国美学有重要的影响和启示.在社会变革的历史关头,主流美学占据主导地位,不等于非主流美学没有自己的一定地位,它们都在发生影响,只是影响的范围、程度有别.把20世纪中国美学的开山大师与其后的美学家比照,我们就会发现美学在中国发展中的起伏轨迹,尤其是非主流美学家命运的悲剧性,这种悲剧性是学科本身的必然的悲剧性.