论表见代理在行政法领域之导入与适用

表见代理源于私法,一直为行政法学界所忽视。行政权行使过程中出现的众多现象与问题,非仅处理内部关系的委托所能解决。代理与委托相伴而生,唇齿相依。代理制度,特别是表见代理制度引入行政法,既能从理论上补充委托之不足,亦在实践中解决行政管理领域无权代理、越权代理情况下行政责任的承担问题,进而确定行政诉讼的被告,化解行政诉讼中存在的现实困难。     

THE AMERICAN RESPONSE TO PAKISTANI AND IRANIAN NUCLEAR PROLIFERATION: A STUDY IN PARADOX

This article explores the paradox in the reaction of the United States to the two different proliferation cases: Pakistan's proliferation and Iran's weaponization effort. The article tries to find answer to the following key question; why the United States, as one of the guardians of the Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT) which would prefer to see a region that is entirely free of weapons of mass destruction, ultimately has accepted Pakistan's proliferation, while imposed considerable amount of pressure to stop Iran from acquiring nuclear weapons.

The paper posits that number of factors explain such differences; first, and at the theoretical level, Pakistan was never considered an “irrational” and “messianic” state like Iran, but regarded as a country with a certain degree of cold-war type nuclear rationality. Second and at the applied level, while Pakistan was a US ally with not having a history of challenging the United States, Iran has been considered enemy and a threat toward the US interest.

Third, while Pakistan's nuclear arsenal was viewed as a defensive mean against overwhelming strength of India, Iran's possible nuclear arsenal considered to be for offensive uses against the United States and Israel. The fourth factor pertains to the consequences of proliferation, which is what happens when Iran's neighboring countries may feel threatened by Iranian nuclear weapon and proceed to develop their own arsenal. Fifth factor deals with the possible Iran's temptation to give some nuclear material to a terror group in which made the United States serious in preventing Iran's weaponization. Last but not least, Israel was not involved to pressure and agitate against Pakistan, while it was applied a tremendous pressure against Iran to prevent it from achieving nuclear weapons.     

Investigators and Prosecutors or, Desperately Seeking Scotland: Re-formulation of the 'Philips Principle'

Prosecution in England and Wales, traditionally private, was captured by the 'new police', creating an 'English tradition' unlike those of the rest of the United Kingdom. To overcome consequent problems, the Royal Commission on Criminal Procedure recommended the 'Philips principle', whereby investigator and prosecutor were separate, but co-ordinate, on which basis the Crown Prosecution Service was set up. However, the principle was in fact compromised by the 'English tradition', most obviously by permitting continued police prosecution. Moreover, the Serious Fraud Office, set up shortly thereafter, contradicted the principle. Yet, HM Customs and Excise addressed its serious problems by applying the principle. The CPS itself encountered difficulties flowing from the compromises. Reports (Runciman, Narey, Glidewell) recommended various devices, straining the principle, until the Auld Report recognised that reformulation was necessary, along the lines adopted elsewhere in the United Kingdom, that is, by recognising that there should be investigator subordination to prosecutor.     

将现代企业绩效考核理念融入边检机关绩效考核的探讨

边检机关的绩效管理尚处于绩效考核阶段,而且现行的绩效考核存在诸多问题,特别是未建立完善一个标准的绩效考核指标体系。将企业绩效管理的理论引入边检机关的绩效管理中,特别是应用企业绩效管理的方法(BSC与KPI),融入发展性评价的理念,结合边检机关的自身特点,建构边检机关绩效考核指标体系,并在此基础上将现行单纯的绩效考核引向系统的绩效管理,建立边检机关绩效管理系统,这能对边检机关绩效管理提供借鉴。     

European integration from the agency theory perspective

European integration is a process in which national governments look for higher levels of integration and promote new requests for allocations from the supranational authority while the balance between the benefits and costs of the supranational collective action becomes increasingly favourable. This process may be analyzed as an agency problem where different national governments, acting as principals, try to lead a single agent—the supranational authority—to make a decision on the level of integration. In this paper, decisions on integration of equilibrium are studied as the result of a non co-operative two-stage game, where national governments outline their political support strategies in the first stage and the supranational authority decides the level of integration in the second stage. JEL Classification D72     

行政诉讼被告三题

现行立法对确定行政委托被告的规定不尽合理。应在立法上将行政委托和行政代理相区别;在审理行政代理案件时,应将代理机关和被代理机关列为共同被告。对复议维持决定应进一步区分真伪,对真复议维持决定应明确以原行政机关为被告。在原告起诉多个被告,其中有不适格的被告时,法院应先予释明,如原告坚持原诉时,应裁定驳回其起诉,而不应拆分原告的起诉,分别下判。     

宣告失踪制度的理论盲点--兼谈我国民法典制定的完善

宣告失踪制度存在如何确定失踪人的财产,代管人的代管权限到底多大以及代管人在代管活动中实施的代管财产和代为支付等行为是权利还是义务,代管人的权利究竟是什么等理论空白和不正确认识。故而提出应设立失踪人财产的确定程序,根据失踪人的意志代管财产等观点,以进一步完善我国民法典的制定。     

从国际新闻署到美国新闻署--美国对外宣传机构的演变

本文考察了二战后美国对外宣传执行机构从国务院组织框架下的国际新闻署到独立的美国新闻署的发展历程,并通过分析美国对外宣传执行机构在美国政府部门中的地位的变迁展示美国政府对外宣传的发展.     

A Comparison of US and Japanese Dental Restorative Care Present on Service Members Recovered from the WWII Era

The documentation of dental materials used in the USA during the WWII era is readily available, while references for the Japanese are minimal. It was therefore important to build a photographic database of Japanese restorative care which could be utilized as a comparison tool for the deployed odontologist. The dental restorative care of approximately 400 US and 100 Japanese sets of remains was evaluated. Both countries share many similar restorative techniques to include collared crowns, full‐coverage restorations, cantilever bridge/pontics to close spaces; restorative materials such as amalgam, gold, and zinc phosphate (temporary) restorations; and removable prostheses. The dental restorative materials most commonly used by US dentists include the amalgam and silicate cement, while the full‐coverage crown was the type of restoration most frequently seen on the Japanese remains. Silicates, porcelain and replaceable crowns, and partial‐coverage prepared crowns were not observed on the recovered Japanese remains.     

Omnivorous Cultural Policy: The Case of Concerts Norway

This article uses the case of Concerts Norway to analyze how the agency of esthetics is changing and expanding within a cultural policy institution. Concerts Norway has provided concerts to all age groups and all parts of the country for nearly fifty?years. The ambition of the institution has been to ensure that all Norwegian citizens have had access to quality music. The article describes how these cultural policy ambitions entail a general esthetic agency, and how different kinds of musical genres have been given agency through the work of the institution, thereby representing a seemingly omnipotent and increasingly omnivorous cultural policy.