国际语境中的政治安全与弱国的治理困境

国际语境中的政治安全日益呈现出一种以国家主权为核心,既分门别类又相互联结的"多流模式"。在全球化时代背景下,弱国对国际安全的整体影响愈益提升,弱国政治安全动态以其对政权安全的追求及其与公共安全间的张力为核心,关涉"统治精英及其支持机制的统治免于主要来自内部的威胁"的"政权安全"遂构成弱国政治安全的特定称呼。弱国政治安全的核心逻辑形成于弱国政权对"短期政权安全追求与长期国家建设间的深刻矛盾"的"弱国政治安全治理困境"的应对。弱国政治安全困境的治理离不开对政权安全与人的安全的智慧融合。此种困境具有长期性,在其驱动之下,弱国政治安全的理论探索表现出弱国联盟与安全区域主义等议题的演进,而其进一步的发展则离不开对弱国语境的领会,围绕弱国政权安全的模式和相关的内外政策,探索弱国政治安全对"软权力"的追求、弱国政治安全对特定国家安全观的推动等问题。     

An Examination of Local Climate Change Policies in the Great Plains

As the United States struggles with national solutions to address climate change, state and local governments have become leaders in both mitigation and adaptation policy. Although a significant and growing body of research targets these policies, most studies have assumed common factors motivating both adaptation and mitigation policy adoption. There remains a need for more research on cities of all sizes, their adoption of specific local policies, the factors motivating those choices, and whether the influences for mitigation differ from those that motivate adaptation. The paper uses data from a new survey of over 200 local governments in eleven states of the Great Plains region, including measures distinguishing between mitigation and adaptation policies. These data are employed to test the relative influence of factors from three areas: the policy environment, the attitudes of governmental actors, and community atmosphere, in explaining observed variation in the adoption of climate change policies.     

福利国家模式、职业结构与不平等原因

福特主义工业社会向后福特主义服务经济的转变，赋予各类福利国家诸多新特征。从职业分层来看，经济服务化过程中大量专业岗位的创造及其对熟练技能的需求，使得教育以及其他社会政策，越来越成为推动阶层流动的决定力量。从收入分布来看，全球化、去管制化、去工业化与老龄化、经济服务化、城市化的叠加，使得福利国家模式普遍呈现出收入极化或不平等，中产衰退的迹象也比较明显。效率公平权衡的努力，进一步加剧了福利国家模式分化。鉴于高度现代化过程中不断出现的困难和挑战，产业均衡发展，经济政策与社会政策协调，构成稳妥推进共同富裕的重要基础。