六十年公民政治权利宪政历程的回顾与思考

中华人民共和国成立,实现了人民当家作主的政治制度,但是公民政治权利的发展经历了一个曲折的过程。我国公民政治权利的发展呈现主体矫变、内容衍变以及实践方式巨变的历史特征,透视出社会主义民主政治建设的公民政治权利诉求。     

Strategy of Chinese policy entrepreneurs in the third sector: challenges of “Technical Infeasibility”

Studies of policy entrepreneurs have become a staple of public policy research. Very few such studies deal with the circumstances of China. This paper aims to remedy this oversight by exploring the mechanisms of policy change in China. Using John Kingdon’s Multiple Streams (MS) Model, the author develops the “Technical Infeasibility Model.” The paper tests the MS model’s applicability to China by examining strategies put forth by Chinese policy entrepreneurs in the third sector. It considers how they may successfully promote change by using a strategy of proposing a relatively radical policy concept that is politically acceptable and technically infeasible to policy makers. To illustrate such a strategy, this paper considers a case of policy change involving Chinese urban vagrants. The policy on “Detention and Repatriation,” which was first implemented in 1982, was challenged following the Sun Zhigang Incident in March 2003. Shortly thereafter law scholars filed two suggestion letters to the National People’s Congress Standing Committee calling for a constitutionality review of the Detention and Repatriation System. Though it was “technically infeasible” to air such a proposal in China at that time, the State Council initiated action to abolish certain provisions of the Detention and Repatriation System. However, the National People’s Congress Standing Committee did not conduct a constitutionality review.

Challenging U.S. Policymakers' Image of an Isolationist Public

A persisting question in international studies is whether academic research can have an impact on the making of foreign policy. Much research has shown that policy decisions can be greatly influenced by misperceptions, just as much as by objective factors. The article describes an effort by academic researchers to challenge U.S. policymakers' image of an actor in the U.S. foreign policy process—the American public. The study's focus was a widely held assumption in the U.S. foreign policy community that the American public in the wake of the Cold War was entering a renewed phase of isolationism, similar to the interwar years. The study first interviewed policy practitioners on their perceptions of the public, then performed a comprehensive review of existing polling data, and finally conducted new polls with input from policymakers themselves. The net result of the elite interviews and the analysis of public attitudes revealed a significant gap in all areas, which is presented in synopsis. Interviews with policy practitioners reveal two key dynamics that could well contribute to policymakers' misreading the public: a failure to seek out information about the public and a tendency to assume that the vocal public is representative of the general public. Indications that the study did have some impact on the thinking of policy practitioners are discussed in the conclusion.     

军事信息技术作用机理的哲学思考

信息技术是当代军事高技术中的核心技术。从哲学层面深入探讨军事信息的本质,揭示军事信息技术对军事实践活动作用机理,对于深化信息化战争和信息化军队建设的认识,对于我军实践“双重历史任务”具有重要的理论和现实意义。     

程序的多重视角

程序是法学(法律)的一个独立范畴。由于语境不同,中西方对“程序”的理解有较大的差异,国内学者对法律程序进行解释时存在误读现象。完整地认识程序,需要完整的观察视角。只有从人权、法治、民主和经济等多元视角来诠释法律程序的价值和功能,才可能较完整地认识实体权利和程序权利的相互关系。     

正交设计优化四味黄连洗剂提取工艺

目的 采用正交设计试验优选四味黄连洗剂的最佳提取工艺。方法 对四味黄连洗剂采用醇提取法,采用L9（34）正交设计法进行试验,对提取次数、乙醇浓度、提取时间和乙醇倍数4个单因素进行试验,以黄芩苷、盐酸小檗碱、大黄素含量及干膏得率为指标,利用综合评分法对数据进行分析,优选出最佳提取工艺。结果 优选出四味黄连洗剂最佳醇提工艺为处方量药材加12倍80%乙醇提取3次,每次1.5 h。结论 试验得到的最佳提取方法稳定可行,可应用于四味黄连洗剂的生产制备。     

The development of policy actors involved in the Bologna reform in Ukraine

The Bologna Process is an international policy project for the convergence of higher education structures in the European Higher Education Area. Most of the literature on Bologna represents studies that focus on the implementation implications of the reforms. The focus on the reform process, particularly in relation to the development process of Bologna policy actors, has been under-represented in the literature. This article investigates the process of the development of the main policy actors involved in the Bologna reform in the case of Ukraine. The timeframe includes the pre-history of Bologna since Ukrainian independence in 1991 until after the introduction of the relevant policy changes in 2003, and through to the issue of 2014 Law on Higher Education. Empirical data were collected through interviews with higher education actors in Ukraine and policy document search. Both types of data were thematically analyzed. The analysis in this article is informed by the policy learning theory and demonstrates the interconnection between path-dependency and change in the development of policy actors in the Bologna reform in Ukraine. This article shows that the old clusters of higher education actors, and the pre-Bologna relationships amongst some of them have been reproduced during the Bologna reform. At the same time, such a reproduction of the old during the reform was only partial as the Bologna Process has also been altering the relationships among some actors to an extent.     

肾康颗粒提取工艺的正交实验

目的:优选肾康颗粒提取工艺.方法:以浸膏得率及黄芪甲苷含量为指标,采用正交验法.结果:最佳工艺为:以400 ml/L乙醇为提取溶媒,加液量10倍,提取3次,每次1 h.     

思想政治教育过程论及其相关研究的现状视域

思想政治教育过程论是思想政治教育学基础理论研究中的薄弱环节,其原因是对思想政治教育过程论及其相关领域的研究现状缺乏深入的了解和研究。思想政治教育过程研究应借鉴相关领域的研究成果,哲学过程论为思想政治教育过程论提供了理论基础和方法论,教育过程和德育过程的研究对思想政治教育过程论具有直接的指导意义和借鉴意义。思想政治教育过程论尚处在起步阶段,其研究有待拓展空间,以便将研究引向深入。     

Public Law and Popular Justice

Group litigation is becoming commonplace. Rules of standing have been relaxed to allow groups to bring representative actions on behalf of their members or to act 'in the public interest'. Groups increasingly intervene in actions between third parties, presenting amicus briefs. This article traces the origins of group action in courts and speculates on the possible effects of changes which blur traditional distinctions between legal and political process, concluding that the legal process must be kept broadly within traditional boundaries, if the qualities of independence, rationality and finality for which it is valued are to be maintained.