城市居民委员会自治现状及法律原因分析

城市居民委员会具有宪法和法律赋予的独立法律地位与人格,在实现社区居民自治过程中应当发挥积极作用。然而,政府的不当干涉,群众的参与不足以及居委会的自我放任,使得这一制度的价值近乎流失。文章以法律为视角,指出应从立法、执法、守法和监督救济诸方面入手,来完善城市居民自治制度。     

公司章程的自由与限度

公司章程作为契约,并不是完全不受限制,其在充分体现契约自由的同时同样要受公司法强制性规范的约束.中外学者们已有的观点,为公司章程的自由与限度的判定提供了一个宏观标准,但具体运用到个案当中,还需我们个案区别审慎对待.     

"私"自治的辨析

自治为私法的基本价值理念,而"私"自治的具体内涵应该包括私法自治、私人自治两方面,前者是指私法相对与公法、社会法的独立地位,而后者则是指私法主体在具体的法律关系中的意思自主。其二者既相区别又有密切联系。从法规范的层面来看,"私"自治是以任意性规范为主,但基于更高的价值目标,强行性规范也会对自治进行介入,但是根本目标在于更好地实现"自治"。     

试论我国农村新型治理结构的重构

改革开放以来,农村所发生的经济、社会变迁推动着我国乡村治理结构的转型,也催生了村民自治这一新型的基层民主制度。在村民自治这一制度架构下,一种基于治理理念的新型农村社会治理模式成为可能,即以村民委员会民主选举制度为核心,以村务公开为制度保障,通过培育具有自主治理性质的乡村社团组织,发掘传统乡村社会的文化资源,将制度创新与本土资源的发掘结合起来。     

Dealing with Diversity in the Construction of Indigenous Autonomy in the Sierra Norte of Oaxaca

Building autonomy in the Sierra Norte of Oaxaca has not depended on the development of Zapotec ethnic identities, isolation or rejection of the integration of outsiders into the communities. The communities of Ixtlán and Guelatao have developed strong local identities and strategies related to the appropriation of external legal categories, and the combination of these with their own customary practices to integrate newcomers into their social, political and economic organisation. Dialogue has been one of the main tools for building autonomy and achieve the integration of outsiders, while continuing the dynamic reproduction of their internal organisation and way of life.     

The legal framework of private universities in Spain

The setting up of Universities in Spain is considered to be part of the fundamental right to establish private educational institutions. For a long time there have only existed Church Universities alongside Public Universities, and these have had their legal basis in Agreements between Spain and the Vatican. As of 1991 there has been an on-going process of setting up purely private Universities, to the point that there are now eleven besides the Church Universities. This article examines their legal framework from the point of view of their organisation, the system governing their teaching staff and their effective autonomy with regard to the Public Authorities. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Does the Statutory Regulation of Advance Decision-Making Provide Adequate Respect for Patient Autonomy?

This paper considers advance decision-making in the context of healthcare. The common law recognition of advance decisions is contrasted with new statutory provision. This paper will examine the Mental Capacity Act 2005 framework for advance decisions and lasting powers of attorney. The ‚best interests’ test and substituted judgment as criteria for proxy decision-making are compared by application to a case example. The paper examines the statutory safeguards in respect of refusals of ‚life-sustaining treatment’ and postulates that these safeguards may render respect for autonomous advance decision-making difficult to achieve in practice.     

认真履行职责切实推进农村妇女参与村民自治

保障、提高农村妇女的政治参与程度是在农村落实男女平等基本国策的必然要求,是进一步深化村民自治的客观需要。十年来,民政部门一直把促进农村妇女参与村民自治作为的一项重要任务,完善各项政策措施,积极创造良好条件,将农村妇女参与村民自治工作进一步推向了深入。     

抑制残存宗族组织对村民自治制度负面影响的对策思考

各民族当代残存的宗族组织必然对我国正在全国范围内推行的村民自治制度造成千差万别的正负面影响 ,本文着力研究探讨残存宗族组织对村民自治制度所产生的负面影响的对策。笔者认为 ,加强村民自治建设的具体对策 ,应当从法律层次、经济层次、自身建设层次、社会文化层次四个层次着手。     

当前村民自治遭遇的难题及对策思考

在农村基层民主建设推进过程中,村民自治遭遇到的五大干扰因素,它们阻碍甚至破坏《村组法》的贯彻实施。因此应当正视现实,不断完善我国村民自治的法律法规,创新农民公共参与渠道,让其意愿和要求得到充分表达,以实现农民群众的民主自治权利。