国有商业银行组织架构整合与再造

我国国有商业银行组织架构整合与再造的思路应该是:整体组织系统要按现代商业银行的原则和运作模式构建,围绕客户进行业务流程再造,优化经营管理层次,逐步建立以纵向推动为主的事业部制。     

Financial Institutions between Effectiveness and Legitimacy – A Legal Analysis of the World Bank,Global Environment Facility and Prototype Carbon Fund

Environmental financing is one of the crucial issues of international environmental law and its implementation. From an environmental perspective a prerequisite for success is that financial resources are used in an environmentally effective way. Whether the World Bank, the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and the Prototype Carbon Fund (PCF) can be perceived as effective environmental actors has to be measured by their objectives, their potential to promote accepted environmental standards and their relevant funding practices. After significant improvements of their environmental policies, the World Bank must be considered the most important institution for environmental financing due to its involvement in environmental trust funds but also in regard to its regular lending practices. The GEF remains exceptional due to its institutional structure and scope, whereas the PCF is an example of public–private partnerships that might be a model for future financing via trust funds. Since acceptance of institutions can only be created if they are considered to be legitimate, legitimacy is closely tied to effectiveness. The main criteria for legitimacy are state consent and the equality of states as well as supplementary considerations such as transparency and public participation. From this perspective the World Bank, GEF and PCF structures of voting and participation have come a long way, and despite their particularities and deficiencies they reflect to a varying degree elements of legitimate decision making.     

围绕中心 服务大局 创造性地做好医院工会工作

医院工会在党委的领导下,树立政治意识、大局意识和服务意识、紧紧围绕医院党政的中心工作,以"弘扬总医院精神、营造高品位医院文化氛围"为着眼点,出新意、上水平,团结广大职工投身医院改革建设,创造性地开展工作.     

Disciplined and undisciplined repression: illicit economies and state violence in Central Asia’s autocracies

What explains the use of disciplined repression in some autocratic regimes and undisciplined repression in others? Despite its relevance to these broader debates on authoritarianism, this question remains inadequately explained in conventional approaches to repression. This article proposes that autocrats’ discipline over the use of state repression is a consequence of their differential control over illicit commercial networks. Autocratic regimes that consolidate their control over rents become dependent on security apparatuses to deepen and maintain that control. These regimes invest in and support the development of coercive capabilities, which leads to more disciplined state repression. Where autocratic regimes do not control illicit networks and rents, their dependence on security offices is low. Consequently, their investment in coercive capacity suffers, giving rise to patterns of undisciplined repression. This article explores the empirical implications of these regime trajectories through a controlled comparison of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, two drug transit states in post-Soviet Eurasia whose coercive institutions and patterns of state violence have developed in markedly different ways.     

Performing statehood: Afghanistan as an arena for Central Asian states

Afghanistan is often mentioned as a threat to the Central Asian states. Potential spillovers of violence, extremism, terrorism and dangers related to the drug trade are seen as significant security issues for the region. This article takes a different approach. Taking a performative view of statehood, we see state identities as socially constituted, partly by involvement in regional and global processes. From research on border management, the Northern Distribution Network, and various forms of bilateral cooperation between Afghanistan and the Central Asian states, we argue that Afghanistan has become an arena where the Central Asian states can participate. How the Central Asian states bordering on Afghanistan are treated as relevant participants, regardless of actual state capacity or the effectiveness of their policies, serves to constitute and confirm their sovereignty and relevance to the international community, and ultimately their statehood. By emphasizing the important state effects of their performance, our perspective differs from accounts of Central Asian states as either ‘weak’ or ‘strong’, and the tendency to depict Central Asian engagement in regional initiatives as mere window-dressing.     

试评《物权法（草案）》对银行业务的影响

物权法是调整财产关系的重要法律,与我们每个人的切身利益都息息相关,银行亦不例外。为此,我们对《物权法(草案)》进行了认真研究,以期更好地指导业务的开展。该草案将对银行产生有利的影响,比如扩大了可用于担保的财产范围、增加了最高额质押这种担保形式、建立了方便快捷的统一登记制度等,这些都将极大地促进银行信贷业务的稳健发展。但是,我们也应看到,草案给银行带来机遇的同时,也使银行面临着更大的挑战。新的异议登记、预告登记、将来的动产抵押以及居住权制度等,都对银行提出了更高的要求。在对该草案的有利影响和不利影响进行分析的基础上,本文还提出了银行的应对措施。     

Overreaching In Registered Land Law

Beneficial interests under a trust were not intended to be overriding interests under section 70(1)(g) of the Land Registration Act 1925. The position was altered by Williams & Glyn's Bank Ltd v Boland , which determined that an interest under a trust for sale would bind a purchaser if the beneficiary were in actual occupation. The decision raised the question whether such interests could be overreached once the beneficiary was in occupation of the trust property. City of London Building Society v Flegg held that the relevant beneficial interest had been overreached. Both decisions assume that overreaching in registered conveyancing takes effect as it does in unregistered land. Yet there is considerable evidence that the Land Registration Act contains its own overreaching machinery. The House of Lords applied the wrong overreaching provisions in Boland and Flegg and there is no legal basis on which to recognise that trust interests can override a subsequent disposition under section 70(1)(g).     

Optimal central bank design: Benchmarks for the ECB

The paper discusses key elements of optimal central bank design and applies its findings to the Eurosystem. A particular focus is on the size of monetary policy committees, the degree of centralization, and the representation of relative economic size in the voting rights of regional (or sectoral) interests. Broad benchmarks for the optimal design of monetary policy committees are derived, combining relevant theoretical arguments with available empirical evidence. A new indicator compares the mismatch of relative regional economic size and voting rights in the monetary policy committees of the US Fed, the pre-1999 German Bundesbank, and the ECB over time. Based on these benchmarks, there seems to be room to improve the organization of the ECB Governing Board and current plans for reform.      

试析皖南事变前后共产国际关于中共同国民党关系的策略

皖南事变前后,共产国际在思考、处理中共与国民党关系问题时,中心是力图维护抗日民族统一战线,不致发生破裂。在这一段时间,共产国际和中共中央之间的配合是比较好的。共产国际在方式上注意进行原则指导,发出的指示多是以建议和提醒的口吻,不像过去以僵硬的命令口吻。中共中央对共产国际的指示是尊重的,对共产国际有不同意见,多解释,并及时通报情况;在执行时,不像过去那样采取机械的教条的方式,而是从实际出发,尽量吸取其合理、正确的部分。打退国民党顽固派发动的第二次反共高潮,是共产国际积极指导,中共中央尊重共产国际的指示,两者之间相互理解、相互配合的结果。