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12.
James C. Spilsbury Lara Belliston Dennis Drotar Allyson Drinkard Jeff Kretschmar Rosemary Creeden Daniel J. Flannery Steve Friedman 《Journal of family violence》2007,22(6):487-499
This study assessed the associations of characteristics of domestic violence incidents with clinically significant levels
of traumatic symptoms and behavioral problems in a socio-economically and ethnically mixed sample of 687 children participating
in a community-service program for children witnessing violence. Study predictors included child/family demographic characteristics,
type and chronicity of exposure, and child’s perceptions of control over the event and threat to personal safety. Outcomes
consisted of traumatic symptoms and behavior problems. Results showed that perceived threat and control were associated with
greater odds of clinically significant levels of several trauma symptoms (and behavior problems in the case of perceived threat)
after adjusting for effects of demographic factors and violence characteristics. Child co-victimization increased odds of
reaching clinically significant levels of traumatic symptoms compared to children who witnessed the event but were not victimized.
Female sex and White ethnicity increased odds of specific trauma symptoms and behavior problems. Increasing age reduced odds
of some trauma symptoms. Associations between predictors and one outcome measure did not generalize across the other outcome
measure. Implications of study findings, and directions for future research are discussed. 相似文献
13.
Police officers served as public health sentinels to collect data on children exposed to domestic violence across an entire
municipality for 1 year. This study extended research by investigating a typology of domestic violence crimes and children’s
direct sensory exposure to these types. Police officers used a standard, validated protocol to collect data on all substantiated
domestic violence. Findings revealed that almost half of all events had children present, and 81% of these children were directly
exposed to the violence. Children under the age of 6 years old were at greater risk of exposure. Identified domestic violence
households with children were more likely to be low-income, non-White, and headed by a single female, compared to households
at large. Cluster analysis revealed seven domestic violence event profiles. Typology showed that children were disproportionately
exposed to the most unstable and dangerous profiles including weapon use, mutual assault, and substance abuse. 相似文献
14.
Margaret O’Dougherty Wright Emily Crawford Katherine Sebastian 《Journal of family violence》2007,22(7):597-608
Resolution of the trauma of childhood sexual abuse (CSA), and the current adjustment of 60 adult female CSA survivors were
explored through qualitative and quantitative analyses of their coping strategies, perceived benefits, and meaning-making
attempts. While the majority of the women (87%) perceived at least some benefit resulting from coping with the CSA experience,
many (29%) found it impossible to make any meaning of their trauma. Specific benefits that were associated with various aspects
of positive adjustment (marital satisfaction, better physical health, less isolation) included improved relationships with
others, religious or spiritual growth, and improved parenting skills. Some perceived benefits were actually associated with
a negative outcome. Increased knowledge of sexual abuse was associated with more isolation and lower marital satisfaction.
When positive meaning could be derived from the coping process, the women reported less isolation. Avoidant coping was strongly
associated with more depressive symptoms and poorer resolution of abuse issues. Results highlight the importance of considering
coping strategies and cognitive restructuring efforts in designing therapeutic interventions with this population.
Portions of this paper were presented at the annual meeting of the Midwest Psychological Association, May 2004, Chicago, IL. 相似文献
15.
Despite the call to address domestic violence along with child maltreatment, little information exists to guide services for
victimized women involved with child welfare. Research shows that victimized women contend with multiple problems stemming
from violent victimization. Unfortunately less is known about combinations of needs and resources among victimized women,
especially for those involved with child welfare. Through an examination of needs and resources among families with child
maltreatment and domestic violence, we aimed to help address this knowledge gap. Needs and resources among 1,229 victimized
caregivers were examined using the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-being (NSCAW). Using latent class analysis,
four distinct multivariate profiles of needs and resources among victimized caregivers were identified. Significant differences
were found among the profile groups in the family violence they experienced in the 18 months following child welfare investigations.
Based on these findings, we discuss implications for tailored practices to enhance the safety of victimized caregivers involved
with child welfare.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 9th Annual Conference of the Society for Social Work and Research, Miami,
Florida in January 2005. 相似文献
16.
In this study, we examined the role of dispositional optimism in mediating distress among students who experienced traumatic
events, including child physical abuse, emotional abuse, and sexual abuse. Participants included 199 undergraduate and graduate
students (aged 18–63 years) from a private university in Oregon. In this study, dispositional optimism partially mediated
distress among individuals who had experienced child physical abuse and child emotional abuse; participants with higher levels
of optimism had lower levels of distress. In addition, dispositional optimism fully mediated distress among individuals who
had experienced traumatic events such as rape, assault, and fire; participants with higher levels of optimism had lower levels
of distress. Contrary to prediction, the experience of child sexual abuse was not associated with distress. Clinical implications
of these results are addressed. 相似文献
17.
Kristjan Kask Ray Bull Indrek Heinla Graham Davies 《Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology》2007,22(2):77-83
This study examines whether or not using a person as a standard/comparison improves the ability of a child witness to provide
more accurate detail about a previously observed person. Study participants included 135 children who observed a male stranger
and were then later asked to describe and answer various questions about that person using a third-person standard/comparison.
Despite the fact that one-half of participants were exposed to a standard/comparison, neither participants’ gender or exposure
to the standard/comparison improved recollection outcomes. However, the gender of the standard/comparisons - especially where
female - did have a significant effect on the recall ability of male participants. 相似文献
18.
Leandra Hildbrand Bettina Stauffer Fritz Sager Johanna Kuenzler 《Swiss Political Science Review》2020,26(2):181-205
The Child and Adult Protection Authorities (KESB) have been the subject of controversial discussion since their establishment in 2013. The reform of the Guardianship Law provided for an institutional shift away from local guardianship authorities to regional specialist authorities. This article uses the Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) to examine the history of today’s controversy, simultaneously proposing an analytic strengthening of said framework. Previous NPF studies summarize policy actors into opponents and proponents. As a result, we do not know whether different actors use different narratives. We therefore separate the expert from the MP discourse. The analysis shows that the experts' arguments for a new institutional arrangement and a person‐oriented narrative dominated, which put the fundamental rights of the persons affected by guardianship measures up front. The study contributes to the understanding of the current controversy, in which a person‐oriented narrative seems to be dominant again, directed against the new authorities. 相似文献
19.
Kristina Lovato-Hermann Elinam Dellor Christina C. Tam Susanna Curry Bridget Freisthler 《Journal of public child welfare》2017,11(2):133-149
Among families in the child welfare system, family reunification depends largely upon the services to which families are referred. This study examines whether race/ethnicity influences the number and types of services to which families are referred. Findings suggest that compared to African American families, Hispanic families were more often referred to psychosocial services (e.g., mental health) than basic needs (e.g., housing). These findings indicate a need to reduce service referral disparities between ethnic groups. 相似文献
20.
孙伟 《中国井冈山干部学院学报》2012,5(4):47-52
井冈山斗争时期红军的兵员来自多种渠道,但到后期主要兵员补充来自国民党士兵。其原因在于:井冈山地区人口稀少,无法更多补充兵员;土地政策不完善,群众参加红军的积极性受影响;红军的俘虏政策好,许多被俘国民党士兵留下来。在毛泽东的正确领导下,采取了三个方面的措施对国民党的俘虏兵进行改造,即不断加强政治教育与训练、实行军内民主、执行铁的纪律,最终起到了明显的成效,并为后来加强红军及解放军建设总结了很好的经验。 相似文献