医学生公民意识与医德认知状况调查报告简

医德教育是医学教育的重要组成部分,在我国公民社会积极发育的大背景下,传统医德教育面临现代转型的课题。通过对医学生公民意识、医德及医患关系认知状况的调查,对医学院校医德教育进行评估,初步提出实现公民教育与医德教育有机契合,建构医德教育新模式的建议。     

What is bad about clientelism? Citizen perceptions in poor communities in South Africa and Tunisia

The literature regards clientelism as a negative practice because of its particularism, informality, inequality, and inefficiency. At present, we know little about whether citizens in communities where clientelism is prevalent share this assessment. However, their evaluations are the ones that are critical for the persistence of clientelism. We explore the attitudes of citizens towards clientelism with conjoint experiments administered with respondents from two poor communities in South Africa and Tunisia, and a sample of academics that we use as benchmark. On average, Tunisian and South African respondents evaluate clientelism more favorably than academics. All groups see particularism and inequality as negative features but only academics care about informality. Clients are evaluated much more positively than patrons in the exchange. Our findings suggest that clientelism persists not only because communities fail to coordinate around a programmatic candidate but because clientelism is considered as a legitimate strategy to access resources.     

公共政策制定中的公民参与——基于杭州开放式政府决策的经验研究

随着我国政治民主化进程的推进以及公民意识的日益觉醒,公民有序参与公共政策制定过程这一议题备受学者、政府官员与民众的关注。本文特选取获得2010年中国地方政府创新奖的杭州开放式政府决策为研究对象,从公共政策制定过程视角出发,剖析杭州开放式政府决策的过程、决策特点和公民参与的形式,总结并诠释杭州市开放式政府决策的实践作法与相关经验,认为构建公共政策制定过程中的公民参与机制关键在于回答好四个问题:谁参与、参与什么、怎样参与以及参与效果如何。     

提升福州市民素质对策研究

市民素质是城市文明的核心,在文明城市建设中起重要作用。福州市在全国文明城市创建中把提升市民素质作为一项重要的战略任务,在务实市民素质的物质基础、提升城市的宜居品质、倡导积极健康的生活方式、转变党政机关干部作风、开展志愿服务活动等方面取得一定的成效。但福州市民素质还存在着不足和提升的空间。市民素质建设是一项社会系统工程,应借鉴先进城市的经验,结合福州的实际和未来的发展要求,进一步提升福州市民的整体素质。     

Citizens’ Initiatives: How Local Governments Fill their Facilitative Role

In the context of drastic cutbacks many Dutch municipalities consider citizens’ initiatives (CIs) as an attractive alternative for municipal policies aimed at improving the livability and safety in neighbourhoods, simultaneously building responsible citizenship. In this paper we combine different theoretical perspectives to analyse the institutional settings in which CIs are being realised, and how municipalities try to facilitate such initiatives. Municipalities can do this by either trying to structure the relevant networks or by various forms of process management. This analysis sheds light on how municipalities use a variety of instruments to mobilise citizens to participate in CIs. In using such instruments they can influence various factors (like motivations, personal resources, social capital and expected responsiveness; cf. Lowndes et al.’s CLEAR model) that increase the likelihood of civic engagement.     

The Management of Citizen Participation in Taiwan: A Case Study of Taipei City Government's Citizen Complaints System

Abstract

Citizen participation is one of the core values of democracy. Democratization means an increase in citizen participation in public affairs. However, the issue of democratization is rarely studied in the field of public administration. In this article, we use the Taipei City Government (TCG) Citizen Complaints System to illustrate some tensions relating to citizen participation in a newly democratizing country. We interviewed the TCG officials to piece together the puzzle of how the citizen complaints system works. Furthermore, we conducted a survey on how each channel and media is used by citizens to file their complaints. Then, we focused on the development of the Taipei City Mayor's e‐mail box to see how the tension between participation and cost is handled by utilizing newly emerging information technology. We then evaluate these developments in terms of publicity, accessibility, and accountability suggested by Senevirante and Cracknell (Seneviratne, M.; Cracknell, S. Consumer complaints in public sector services. Public Admin. 1988, 66, 181–193). Accordingly, we propose suggestions for improvement from these three aspects for TCG and other governments as well to establish a citizen complaints system that substantiates democracy.     

Quality of Service,Expectation, Satisfaction and Trust in Public Institutions: The Abu Dhabi Citizen Satisfaction Survey

Structural equation modelling was utilised to develop and test three models while exploring the causality effect of constructs. The models hypothesised that trust in the government was a result of interactions of several other forces: namely, citizens’ expectation, perception of service quality and satisfaction with these services. The article validates and replicates the findings on the question of causality between performance and trust. The findings were very consistent with the previous ones. The model incorporating citizen's demographic data provided the best fit. According to this model, citizen demographics, expectations and quality of services influence citizen satisfaction; and ultimately, citizen satisfaction influences trust in government. The perceived quality of all services provides significant standardised estimates. However, congestion in streets, parking facilities, parks and recreation and schools are the most salient drivers of citizen satisfaction. The variables of income, education level, years living in Abu Dhabi and marital status exert the highest influence on this satisfaction construct. Perception of quality of services has a significant effect on overall satisfaction; and overall satisfaction drives trust in local government officials. In addition, citizen expectation influences perceptions of the quality of service and overall satisfaction.     

中国公民宪法意识调查报告

我国现行宪法颁布实施已经 2 0周年 ,在这 2 0年里 ,我国的民主法治建设有了很大的进步 ,宪法学的理论研究也取得了丰硕的成果 ,但是 ,对于我国公民的宪法意识一直缺乏比较准确的定量分析。组织关于公民宪法意识的问卷调查 ,一方面可以为定量分析公民的宪法意识提供第一手材料 ;另一方面也为准确评价我国宪法学教育以及普法教育的效果 ,并提出改进的建议 ,提供客观依据。     

以公民权利制约行政权

公民权利与行政权的含义、关系及其公民权利对行政权的制约,长期以来是我国行政法上的一个盲点,同时也是一个焦点问题。本文从法源及其现实表现层面论述了二者的含义及相互关系,并从立法及其构建完善的法律体系方面阐述了公民权利对行政权的制约。     

转型时期中国公民宪政意识的实证研究——从公民宪政意识看中国宪政建设的渐进性

自1982年现行宪法颁行以来,我国在经济、政治、民主与法治等方面都取得了长足的发展,宪法学理论研究也取得了巨大的成就,然而对于公民宪政意识的研究却显得比较薄弱,尤其是关于公民宪政意识问题的实证研究、定量分析,更是寥寥无几,近乎空白。正是基于这种状况,组织关于公民宪政意识问卷调查与现场访谈,通过这种实证研究的方式,不仅为我们定量分析公民的宪政意识提供了第一手的实证材料,而且也为我们准确评估我国宪政建设的状况提供了客观的依据,从而也为我国宪政建设的进一步发展提供了建设性意见。