社会保障权探微

社会保障权与社会保障密不可分,其产生有深刻的经济、社会和政治动因,并进而演进为现代社会的一项基本人权和公民的基本权利。社会保障权的本质是保障公民的生存权,并促进公民的发展。我国政府在保障公民的社会保障权方面,取得了巨大的成就,但也需要从社会保障的理念、立法、制度和司法救济等方面进行改革和创新,以保障公民平等地、实际地享有社会保障权。     

美国公民诉讼主体资格认定规则及启示—以“地球之友诉莱德劳公司”等三案为例

美国公民诉讼大致可以分为公民环境民事诉讼、公民环境行政诉讼和以自然物为共同主体的环境公民诉讼三类,其主体资格认定基本遵循了以"事实上的损害"为依据的原则,同时将公民环境权作为基本权利规定于宪法中,确立并保障了环境保护组织的诉讼地位。我国当前正在修订的《环境保护法》采单一诉权模式,将公益诉讼之诉权赋予给环保组织。由于公民环境权并未在立法中具体化,同时对诉讼主体之资格认定也缺乏明确规定,实践中面临环境公益诉讼之基础权利不足和司法机关对诉讼主体资格难以判断的问题。司法实践中立法机关和最高人民法院可尽快出台相应法律解释,在借鉴美国经验基础上,打破传统诉讼法对主体资格的禁锢,构建环保组织及其成员与公民分设诉权的二元模式。     

Beyond crisis management? The role of Citizen Initiatives for Global Solidarity in humanitarian aid: the case of Lesvos

Abstract

In recent years, what has been called citizen initiatives for global solidarity (CIGS) have grown considerably in numbers across Europe and beyond. Lately, CIGS have also received attention as they are responding to humanitarian crisis across the world. In Europe during 2015, citizens were heavily involved in catering for incoming refugees, putting up loosely organised voluntary-based initiatives. CIGS popped up in places such as Lesvos, which is the focus of our research. Humanitarian CIGS are quick in their response to needs on the ground, are quickly governed by rules and regulations as well as overall ideas about crisis management, and come to work either with or in opposition to other actors. We examine two examples of CIGS positioned at the margins of the humanitarian aid machinery in Lesvos. Through a lens of power and resistance, we discuss how they resisted paradigmatic ideas of crisis management and instead called for a different interpretation of how to think about and do crisis management.     

Voting in the rain: the impact of rain on participation in open-air assemblies

ABSTRACT

The analysis of how weather conditions influence participation at the ballot and whether bad weather influences ballot decisions has recently gained momentum. This paper analyses the influence of rain on participation in the Landsgemeinde – the main decision-making body of two Swiss cantons, wherein citizens meet on the main square in order to debate and decide bindingly on political matters of all sorts. We rely on a survey with an in-built conjoint experiment that presents citizens with several hypothetical Landsgemeinde situations characterized by randomly varied combinations of weather and other conditions such as outcome favorability, the expected closeness of the vote and the company available during the event. We find that rain not only decreases overall participation but it also lowers participation when votes are expected to be uncontested and for individuals who do not primarily attend the Landsgemeinde for political reasons.     

监督舆论与舆论监督:网络公民权利与公共权力的进退与平衡

监督舆论与舆论监督是话语干涉的两种形式,存在主体性、结果性、立场性、技术性的权力差异。监督舆论形成公共权力的积极进制、消极进制、无效进制,引导舆论朝着积极正向的方向发展,但也易造成舆论的说教化与虚假化。舆论监督形成公共权力的强制化、主动化、圈层化、边缘化的退制,适应公意的变化,提倡公民权利约束公共权力,保证权力运行的合法化与公开化,存在舆论控制权力的风险,出现群体审判与群氓政治的现象。监督舆论与舆论监督应达到有限性平衡、动态性平衡、有效性平衡、竞争性平衡,保证公共权力与公民权利的相互制衡,达到善治的目的,进而实现公共权力与舆论机制的优化,促进社会现代化的和谐发展。     

"公民"的"回归"

政治话语的变迁透视着政治丈明的转型.在寻求新民主主义革命的胜利、建立和巩固社会主义政权的理论和实践中,"人民"、"群众"概念覆盖了"公民"概念,成为政治话语中的核心概念;而改革开放以来,"公民"概念逐步"回归"并成为时下流行的专业术语.在走向权利的时代,"公民"的回归势在必行也理所当然.     

“Wisdom of crowds”? A decentralised election forecasting model that uses citizens’ local expectations

Many studies report the “wonders of aggregation” and that groups (often) yield better decisions than individuals. Can this “wisdom of crowds”-effect be used to forecast elections? Forecasting models in first-past-the-post systems need to translate vote shares into seat shares by some formula; however, the seat–vote ratio alters from election to election. To circumvent this problem, this paper proposes citizen forecasting, which aggregates citizens’ local expectations to directly forecast constituencies. Using data from the 2010 British Election Study, this paper finds (1) that groups are better forecasters than individuals, (2) that citizen forecasting correctly predicts a hung parliament, and (3) that marginality and group size are important predictors for “getting it right”.     

北京奥运会对中国公民意识的影响

北京奥运会不管是在政治、经济、文化还是个人意识上,都给中国社会发展进程刻上了一道鲜明的印记。变化并不是偶然的,究其社会原因主要有三点：一是政府倡议的影响;二是媒介的宣传效应;三是汶川大地震后民族团结精神的感染和延续。     

Citizen Redress in Public Contracting for Human Services

This article examines from a regulatory perspective the legal position of citizens in respect of contracted out human services. It argues that the inadequate protection of individual interests and the public interest here is a reflection of increasingly complex relationships between the state and independent sectors, expressed in the essentially hybrid character of contemporary public service organisation. Accordingly a hybrid reform strategy, rather than one that attempts to extend or develop private or public law in any particular direction, is most likely to be successful in addressing associated legal governance problems. The attainment of improved redress for service recipients, and increased accountability of contractors and other parties engaged in human services networks, requires the careful tailoring of remedies to the conditions prevailing in particular sectors. The goal of responsive law should be to foster qualities of good administration and respect for fundamental public interest values within the whole range of regulated agencies and bodies performing public service functions.     

道德"滑坡"与道德建设--学习《公民道德建设实施纲要》

我国现阶段的道德“滑坡”现象有内外两方面的原因。《公民道德建设实施纲要》为我们展示了有中国特色的社会主义初级阶段的道德建设目标 ,对于解决道德“滑坡”问题 ,加强社会主义道德建设具有重要的指导意义