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101.
目的探讨兔重伤后机体内铜(Cu)含量及其代谢酶铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(Cu/Zn-SOD)、细胞色素c氧化酶(CCO)活性变化与继发性多器官衰竭(MOF)及死亡的关系。方法参照国际通用的创伤程度量化评分标准(ISS),建立致MOF的家兔重伤模型,检测伤后不同时段血清及组织Cu含量与Cu/Zn-SOD和CCO的活性,分析其变化规律与继发MOF及死亡的关系。结果①重伤组家兔(包括死亡组家兔)血清Cu含量在伤后12h显著下降,36h后逐步回复;脑、心、肺组织中Cu含量伤后下降,肝脏组织Cu含量于伤后12h显著升高,36h后回落。伤后死亡组家兔脑、心、肺、肝Cu含量均较对照组降低,其中脑、肝组织Cu含量下降显著。②重伤组家兔血清Cu/Zn-SOD活性伤后12h下降3,6h之后呈升高的趋势,肝脏组织中的Cu/Zn-SOD活性伤后持续显著升高。③重伤后家兔(包括死亡组家兔)大脑皮质、心、肝CCO活性变化不明显,但脑干组织CCO活性显著升高。伤后死亡组家兔脑、心、肺、肝等器官的大体及组织学呈MOF改变。结论严重创伤可引发兔血清和组织Cu水平及Cu/Zn-SOD、CCO活性变化,这些变化可能与继发多器官衰竭和死亡相关。 相似文献
102.
黄裕生 《江苏行政学院学报》2011,(1):14-19
人的自由的绝对性使人拥有绝对的人权,维护与实践人权作为一种自觉的要求,要以对人的自由本质与绝对权利的自觉为前提,也就是要以启蒙文化为前提,而启蒙文化需要由文化启蒙来造就.这意味着,既不可能以武力推行人权,也不可能以任何文化传统的特殊性为借口拒绝人权.人权的绝对性与民族主义国家理论并无学理上的关联,一个主权实体内部的人权... 相似文献
103.
This study examines the effects of taphonomic processes on blunt force trauma (BFT) through an experimental study involving pig heads. Of particular concern is the possibility that taphonomic changes can create pseudo-trauma and/or conceal evidence of actual trauma. BFT was inflicted on 10 pig skulls using a hammer. The skulls were subsequently exposed to the environment for 12 months. Seven taphonomic changes were evaluated: the freeze-thaw cycle; rodent gnawing; carnivore scavenging; presence/weight of soil; presence/weight of rain and snow; movement/displacement of bones; and discoloration due to sun bleaching and grass staining. Taphonomic effects varied between cancellous, compact, fresh, and degreased bone. Freezing and thawing, exposure to rain and snow, movement of the skulls, and soil erosion altered and, in some cases disguised, pre-existing trauma. Rodent and carnivore activity did not obliterate evidence of BFT. Recommendations for evaluating BFT on remains affected by taphonomic processes are presented. As each taphonomic process outlined by this study has the potential to disguise antemortem injury, the authors propose that one must carefully examine large, circular openings in the skull that may represent the remnant evidence of BFT. 相似文献
104.
Simic M Draskovic D Stojiljkovic G Vukovic R Budimlija ZM 《Journal of forensic sciences》2007,52(5):1182-1185
The "humane killer" or captive-bolt gun, is the tool/weapon widely used in meat industry and private farmer households for slaughtering animal stock. Out of 17,250 autopsies performed at the Institute of Forensic Medicine in Novi Sad during the 15-year period (1991-2005), 29 cases of suicides and two homicides were committed by captive-bolt pistols. Wounds inflicted by captive-bolt guns have specific morphological features, distinctive from wounds made by other kinds of hand firearms. Selected features of the captive-bolt wounds (punched round entrance and a double pattern of smoke soiling) depend on distance and angle of instrument at the time of firing. Autopsy findings were compared with an experimental model consisting of 20 domestic pigs. Obtained results confirmed that the appearance of the entrance hole and soot deposits, along with differences in shape, location, extent, and density of soot blackening, could be useful in identification of weapon, direction of discharge, shooting distance, and angle of the muzzle to the frontal and sagittal planes of the head at the moment of fire. 相似文献
105.
Arzu Akcay Turan M.D. ; Ferah Anik Karayel M.D. ; Elif Akyildiz M.D. ; Isil Pakis M.D. ; Ibrahim Uzun M.D. ; Kagan Gurpinar M.D. ; Umit Atlms M.D. ; Ziya Kir M.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2010,55(1):82-84
Abstract: Nonpenetrating chest trauma with injury to the heart and aorta has become increasingly common, particularly as a result of rapid deceleration in high-speed vehicular accidents, over the past 2–3 decades. The high mortality rate of cardiac injuries and possible late onset complications make blunt cardiac injuries an important challenging point for legal medicine. One hundred and ninety cases with blunt cardiac injuries in a period of 3 years were analyzed retrospectively in terms of patterns of cardiac injury, survival times, and demographic profiles of the cases in this study. 相似文献
106.
Giovanni Cecchetto M.D. Guido Viel M.D. Federica De Lotto M.D. Renzo Manara M.D. Massimo Montisci M.D. Ph.D. Silvano Zancaner M.D. Ph.D. S. Davide Ferrara M.D. Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2010,55(3):845-848
Abstract: Machinery‐related fatalities are one of the leading causes of traumatic occupational deaths. In our report, we present the case of a 40‐year‐old male who suffered a severe head trauma while working in a cut‐foam industry and died despite an early craniectomy. The radiological reconstruction of the skull based on preoperative computed tomography scans disclosed a large depressed conical fracture of the left parietal bone. The 3D‐reconstruction of the work area, combined with a fit‐matching analysis between the machinery and the depressed skull fracture allowed us to conclude that the head was crushed between the sliding bar of the cutting device and the metallic protuberance on the opposite side. The case underlines the importance of a detailed workplace investigation and of a thorough evaluation of all circumstantial, clinical, radiological, and autopsy data in the reconstruction of machinery‐related fatalities to identify any possible legal responsibilities of the worker and/or the employer. 相似文献
107.
Pierre Guyomarc’h M.Sc. Maude Campagna‐Vaillancourt Célia Kremer M.Sc. Anny Sauvageau M.Sc. M.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2010,55(2):423-427
Abstract: In the discrimination of falls versus blows, the hat brim line (HBL) rule is mentioned in several textbooks as the most useful single criterion. Recent studies, however, have found that the HBL rule is only moderately valid and that its use on its own is not recommended. The purpose of this 6‐year retrospective study was to find additional individually useful criteria in the distinction of falls from blows. Overall, the following criteria were found to point toward blows: more than three lacerations, laceration length of 7 cm or more, comminuted or depressed calvarial fractures, lacerations or fractures located above the HBL, left‐side lateralization of lacerations or fractures, more than four facial contusions or lacerations, presence of ear lacerations, presence of facial fractures, and presence of postcranial osseous and/or visceral trauma. Based on the most discriminating criteria, a decision tree was constructed to be potentially applicable to future cases. 相似文献
108.
109.
Environmental Considerations for Trauma‐Responsive Juvenile and Family Courts: A Review of the Literature with Recommendations for Practice 下载免费PDF全文
Alicia DeVault Vanessa A. Helfrick Shawn C. Marsh Katie M. Snider 《Juvenile & family court journal》2018,69(2):5-20
Juvenile and family courts serve some of our most vulnerable populations, many of whom have experienced some traumatic event. People suffering with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are known to be more sensitive to environmental stimuli, and many of the environmental conditions within courts can be challenging for those suffering traumatic stress. Trauma‐responsive practices help foster conditions of healing, which can benefit both the court user and those who work within the court. Research reviewed in this article demonstrates the likelihood of negative behavioral and emotional responses to specific environmental factors for people suffering PTSD and other stress reactions, and offers recommendations to minimize environmental stressors. 相似文献
110.
ABSTRACTPreparing social workers for child welfare practice with the complexly traumatized children now in the system has created the need for schools of social work to integrate trauma content into the curriculum. This article presents findings of an evaluation of a child welfare course designed to prepare MSW level trauma-informed child welfare practitioners. Findings indicate that students in 29 schools of social work not only significantly increased their confidence in working with traumatized children and families but also are significantly more prepared to work toward these three child welfare goals of safety, permanency, and well-being. 相似文献