Distribution of drugs of abuse within specific regions of the human brain

Since concentration of drugs of abuse found in the brain better reflect drug concentration at their site of action, brain specimens are useful in the determination of the role of drugs of abuse in the cause of death. In order to allow for the routine use of brain specimens in this field, a comprehensive database with reliable reference values is needed and should include both post-mortem data for cases where drugs have been taken in therapeutic doses as well as for cases of overdose. In this study, a semi-automated extraction procedure, in combination with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC–MS) using stable isotope internal standards was applied to yield reproducible, quantitative results which could be used to investigate the distribution patterns of drugs of abuse within specific regions of the brain, by analyzing several segments of both medulla oblongata and cerebellum. A homogenous distribution of unconjugated morphine, dihydrocodeine, and benzoylecgonine within the investigated segments of medulla oblongata or cerebellum could be found. However, when these two brain regions from the same case were compared to each other, significantly higher concentrations of unconjugated morphine, dihydrocodeine, and benzoylecgonine were found in the cerebellum than in the medulla oblongata.     

艾滋病流行与毒品蔓延问题调查——以云南德宏州和临沧市为例

艾滋病的流行与毒品的蔓延,特别是与共用注射器吸毒具有直接相关关系。调研组对云南省德宏州和临沧市边境地区进行了调研,艾滋病流行与毒品蔓延问题令人担忧。1.云南边疆地区艾滋病流行趋势与毒品犯罪的总趋势密切相关;2.零星贩毒是导致吸毒泛滥和艾滋病流行的最直接因素;3.吸毒仍是云南边疆地区传播艾滋病的主渠道。     

艾滋病流行与毒品蔓延问题调查——以普洱市、西双版纳州为例

近年来,我国艾滋病监测资料显示,吸毒者共用针具是现阶段艾滋病流行的主要原因。课题组对普洱市和西双版纳州两个地区艾滋病流行与毒品蔓延情况进行了调研。1.静脉吸毒的人员越多,感染艾滋病的比率越高;2.不同地方、不同高危人群感染艾滋病的主渠道和比率不同。     

我国毒品定义之重构

我国现行法律对毒品的界定存在语义重复、容易混淆、外延过窄等重大缺陷,不利于我国新型毒品打击工作的开展,因此在审视我国毒品定义基础上,参考境外国家(地区)的毒品定义,建议将毒品定义重构为:毒品,是指任何毒理效果大于或相似于鸦片、海洛因、甲基苯丙胺(冰毒)、吗啡、大麻、可卡因等麻醉药品、精神药品的物质。同时,建议将我国麻醉药品和精神药品分级并列明每一级的种类和相应的量刑指导意见;国家禁毒委员会每年定期审查、更新《麻醉药品品种目录》和《精神药品品种目录》,并在《禁毒报告》中公布更新结果。     

美国联邦禁毒执法机构的演变及其影响力探析——从“联邦麻醉品局”到“联邦缉毒署”

美国毒品控制史可主要分为＂古典时期（Classic Era）＂与＂毒品战争（War on Drugs）＂时期①。＂联邦麻醉品局＂与＂联邦缉毒署＂则是这两个不同毒品控制时代的代表性执法机构,二者既有历史的连带性,又富有特殊的时代特色。不同时期的法理依据及其所处时代的美国内政外交因素在不同程度上左右了二者的地位与影响力变化。联邦禁毒执法机构的历史性演变,一方面显示了美国毒品控制的曲折进程,另一方面也展现了不同时期执法机构存在的必然性以及各自的能动作用。     

浅析当前毒品合法化问题的发展趋势及其危害

有鉴于毒品“合法化”观点在国际社会的迅速发展蔓延的现实。我国的禁毒决策部门应该高度重视毒品“合法化”观点的现实危害,切实采取措施,避免毒品“合法化”对禁毒工作的负面影响和冲击。     

发展替代产业 推进澜沧江——湄公河次区域合作

本文论述了澜沧江———湄公河流域国家面临的毒品问题及其对次区域合作的负面影响,探讨了发展替代产业对遏制毒品泛滥和推进次区域合作的作用和意义,介绍了有关各国发展替代种植、替代产业的情况,并从国际环境、地理、人文、经济互补性等方面分析了当前发展替代产业所具备的有利因素,最后就次区域发展替代产业的资金引进、合作机制、合作范围、发展层次等问题提出了建议     

DRUG TESTING FOR YOUTHFUL OFFENDERS ON PAROLE: AN EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION*

Research Summary: The present experimental study examined parole outcomes and arrests for 1,958 California Youth Authority parolees, randomly assigned to levels of routine drug testing ranging from “no testing” to two tests per month. Results showed no improved outcomes from more frequent drug testing. Early positive drug tests, however, indicated increased risk of recidivism. Policy Implications: Although limited in its scope, this study provided experimental evidence that little crime‐reduction benefit of routine drug testing above a minimum level exists for regular parolees. However, drug testing may serve as a relatively straightforward risk assessment procedure for future criminal behavior.     

试论制造毒品案件的侦查

当前我国制造毒品案件的特点有:组织严密,分工明确;精心选择制毒地点;境内外勾结突出。对其侦查的措施和手段有公开和秘密两种方式。前者包括现场搜查、现场勘查、毒品检验、调查访问、袭击行动;后者包括刑嫌调控、技术侦查和内线侦查。     

浅议社区戒毒

社区戒毒是我国最新推出的戒毒形式,是一项集戒断、教育、帮助与挽救于一体的综合性戒毒措施。社区戒毒工作还处于试点阶段,必然会面临很多新问题,社区戒毒部门要以《禁毒法》为依据,创新工作制度,总结实践经验,完善工作措施,使社区戒毒工作规范有序。