Economic Governance Beyond State and Market: Islamic Capital Markets in Southeast Asia

ABSTRACT

Islamic finance has become an integral part of the financial systems of the Muslim-majority countries of Southeast Asia. At the same time, Southeast Asia has witnessed the emergence of new capital market governance practices and arrangements that are both multi-scalar and multi-sited. This article suggests that rather than only looking at the scale and rescaling of capital market governance in the region, more attention needs to be paid to the shifting balances between regulatory expertise, market practice and societal expectations. Indeed, for governance practices to be considered effective, they have to straddle at times competing demands of authority and legitimacy. This dynamic is nowhere as visible as in the case of Islamic finance, which explicitly involves Shariah experts, trained in Islamic law, in its governance structures. This article explores the novel forms of governance to which this new market has given rise. It argues that Islamic finance – rather than the product of privately held beliefs – has become increasingly bound up with the state apparatus. This facilitates the embedding of Islamic financial principles and ethical concerns throughout capital markets in the region. Yet, Islamic finance has also become increasingly submerged within national development and competitiveness agendas.     

Economic inequality,winner-loser gap,and satisfaction with democracy

This study analyzes how economic inequality affects electoral winners and losers' satisfaction with democracy. We posit that both the poor and the rich have more at stake in elections when inequality is high. Electoral losers, whether they are the poor or the rich, are more likely to be dissatisfied with democratic systems when facing greater disparity in wealth. In contrast, electoral winners confronting higher inequality are more likely to express satisfaction with democracy. Employing a multilevel analysis of Comparative Study Electoral Systems (CSES) data, we find that the gap in satisfaction with democracy between electoral winners and losers widens as income inequality increases. Broadening the conventional wisdom that electoral systems mediate the effect of citizens' winner-loser status on their democratic attitudes, we demonstrate that the mediating effects of economic inequality are more critical than the institutional effects.     

Revived and Discouraged: Evaluating Employment Barriers for Section 3 Residents With Criminal Records

Section 3 was established in the Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Act of 1968 to provide employment for public housing residents in distressed communities while rebuilding underserved neighborhoods. As a provision that recipients of HUD funding must comply with, Section 3 reporting agencies are having trouble securing employment for ex-offenders. This is problematic since low-income ex-offenders unable to secure stable employment are more likely to recidivate. Research evaluating the specific barriers to employment for Section 3 residents with criminal records and policy recommendations are sparse although the problem is prevalent in communities nationwide. This study uses San Antonio, Texas as an example for conducting a policy review to identify the barriers to employment for Section 3 ex-offenders. The results of the qualitative analysis indicate that at the national level, HUD and the Section 3 provision do not create barriers to employment but state and local policies and practices do.     

经济行为研究的模式与方法

在现代意义上,经济学说到底是一门研究人的经济行为的科学。倡导并注重对人的经济行为的研究,为现代经济学建构了一个“充满人性和人类价值”的理论框架,使经济学成为人的科学,人成为经济学的主体,这一价值取向达到了科学与人性有机地融合,是经济学上的一场“行为革命”。本文拟对关于经济行为研究的模式与方法作一介绍。     

经济全球化对全球文化的影响--兼论中国文化发展战略

构成文化核心的深层结构的价值观念与取向、思维与行为模式、宗教信仰、审美情趣等 ,具有很强的稳定性 ,有一种独立发展的内在惯性与规律 ,不会轻而易举地被同化 ;而以消费为中心的文化的浅层结构则容易被“全球化”。研究者不同的视角也会影响到对经济全球化背景下全球文化的走向的判断。全球文化将在冲突与融合的交互中走向与经济全球化相适应的新阶段     

经济法作用的法律经济学分析——以市场经济与经济法的互动关系为研究进路

经济法是市场经济资源配置 的重要手段,它在国家进行宏观调控 和对市场经济行为进行规制的过程中 发挥着巨大的作用。经济法和经济学 的研究领域既有相通之处又各有侧重、 法律经济学就是运用经济学相关知识 来探讨经济法的问题,是近年来理论 和实践中新兴的研究方法。它可以将 经济和法律有机结合起来,以经济法 和市场经济的互动关系为研究进路、 探讨经济法的作用,使经济法更加深 入地为市场经济服务。本文旨在运用 法律经济学的方法对经济法存在的必 要性及问题进行研究和分析,并在此 基础上提出针对我国经济法的改革新 思路。     

区域经济发展中城市体系分维研究——以陕西省关中地区为例

借助分形理论考察了陕西省关中地区城市规模分布自20世纪80年代以来的变化趋势.根据统计资料,对关中城市群不同等级城市的经济效益进行实证分析,得出关中城市群的城市规模分布已经影响了关中地区的区域经济发展,需要充分重视中等城市在区域经济发展中的重要作用,要将追求区域整体经济效益最大化作为城市化建设的重要目标的研究结论.     

经济发展理论的新古典政治经济学与发展经济学的创新

发展经济学经历了三个发展阶段,即结构主义阶段、新古典主义复兴阶段和新古典政治经济学阶段,而在以新古典政治经济学为标志的发展经济学新阶段,发展经济学从研究视角、方法到内容都出现了全面的创新,对于我们认识包括中国在内的众多发展中国家的经济发展问题具有重要意义。     

中国社会转型期政治稳定的价值逻辑

市场力量的不断崛起使得转型期的社会文化生态越来越呈现出一种传统与现代相交织的价值多元景观,这种文化生态为转型期中国政治稳定的价值解读提供了一个基本的“场域”。在此“场域”中,经济自由与政治秩序的整合构成了转型期社会政治稳定内在统一的价值逻辑,这种价值整合体现在两个层面：其一,经由经济自由推动而产生的新的权利诉求,能够成为塑造新的政治系统与制度体系的价值基础;其二,政治系统与制度体系能够包容和吸纳这些新的权利诉求,并能以持续更新的政治秩序为经济自由的生长和新权利诉求的产生提供条件。这种价值整合在政治操作层面的现实策略是形成经济体制改革与政治体制改革的互动结构。     

加强经侦警务与基层派出所工作有效衔接的若干思考

构建经侦协作机制是有效打击和防范经济犯罪、加强和改进公安经侦工作的重要抓手。实现经侦部门业务向派出所的有效延伸,有助于提升经侦部门整体作战效能;实现派出所与经侦警力的有效衔接,有助于提升派出所服务辖区和维护社会稳定的实力。