经济发展理论的新古典政治经济学与发展经济学的创新

发展经济学经历了三个发展阶段,即结构主义阶段、新古典主义复兴阶段和新古典政治经济学阶段,而在以新古典政治经济学为标志的发展经济学新阶段,发展经济学从研究视角、方法到内容都出现了全面的创新,对于我们认识包括中国在内的众多发展中国家的经济发展问题具有重要意义。     

加强经侦警务与基层派出所工作有效衔接的若干思考

构建经侦协作机制是有效打击和防范经济犯罪、加强和改进公安经侦工作的重要抓手。实现经侦部门业务向派出所的有效延伸,有助于提升经侦部门整体作战效能;实现派出所与经侦警力的有效衔接,有助于提升派出所服务辖区和维护社会稳定的实力。     

文化危机与经济安全

文化的经济属性决定了文化与经济的互动关系紧密而深远。一方面,经济全球化带来的文化全球化以及信息社会所引发的文化革命,促生了文化危机发生的可能;另一方面,文化危机所引致的文化、经济安全问题又关系着国家和民族的生死存亡。因此必须通过实现文化产业的市场化运作,争取在国际文化交流中的话语控制权,并采取必要的文化管制来保障国家的经济、文化安全。只有这样,才能增强文化发展、文化免疫、文化创新能力,从而增强企业的核心竞争力,激活民族产业的创新生产活力。     

经济转型中的政府转型

中国经济转型目的是从计划经济转向市场经济,但政府在原来经济中就拥有的巨大资源及经济控制力,也会让这种转型出现扭曲。本文强调政府转型作为经济转型的核心,它本身的转型所应该具有的取向和标准,并在此基础上分析当前政府转型上存在的突出问题,指出改变这些的重点是让那些本应在经济转型和解决增长中起更大作用的要素拥有更多的呼声和谈判权力。     

Banks and the Communities They Serve: Time to Legislate?

In March 2007 HM Treasury published its latest thoughts on Financial Inclusion (HM Treasury Financial inclusion: The way forward, 2007), highlighting that after 10 years of activity in this area there is still growing evidence that the market is not meeting everyone’s needs, with significant numbers of people not able to access basic financial services such as credit. This continues alongside media stories of further bank branch closures in some areas, branches for high income earners only in others and the continuing controversy surrounding charges. This article will, with reference to the UK government’s financial inclusion agenda assess whether the time has come to implement legislation mandating that UK credit institutions have regard to customers needs when making decisions that could affect those most at risk from restricted access to financial services. These needs can include both access to affordable credit and access to financial services, such as bank accounts. The paper will use as a comparator the much talked about United States Community Reinvestment Act, enacted in 1977 and since amended, hailed (Barr New York University Law Review 80:513, 2005) and criticised (Macey and Miller Virginia Law Review 78:291, 1993) in equal measures, designed to ensure that depository institutions meet the credit needs of the communities they serve, particularly low and moderate income areas. Although not designed to tackle the perceived problems identified by the UK government, would enactment of similar legislation do more to achieve these aims that the activities undertaken so far. The article proposes that one way in which to improve the fight against financial exclusion is to improve the disclosure requirements of financial institutions, forcing them, where necessary, to provide data on lending patterns in disadvantaged areas.

Analyzing Criminal Trajectory Profiles: Bridging Multilevel and Group-based Approaches Using Growth Mixture Modeling

Over the last 25 years, a life-course perspective on criminal behavior has assumed increasing prominence in the literature. This theoretical development has been accompanied by changes in the statistical models used to analyze criminological data. There are two main statistical modeling techniques currently used to model longitudinal data. These are growth curve models and latent class growth models, also known as group-based trajectory models. Using the well known Cambridge data and the Philadelphia cohort study, this article compares the two “classical” models—conventional growth curve model and group-based trajectory models. In addition, two growth mixture models are introduced that bridge the gap between conventional growth models and group-based trajectory models. For the Cambridge data, the different mixture models yield quite consistent inferences regarding the nature of the underlying trajectories of convictions. For the Philadelphia cohort study, the statistical indicators give stronger guidance on relative model fit. The main goals of this article are to contribute to the discussion about different modeling techniques for analyzing data from a life-course perspective and to provide a concrete step-by-step illustration of such an analysis and model checking.

The benefit and cost of prison in the UK. The results of a model of lifetime re-offending

With prisons in the UK reaching full capacity, and with similar trends in other European countries and the USA, there is much political debate about the efficacy of prison and community sentences. This paper aims to inform this debate by testing the hypothesis that prisons are an effective and efficient way of reducing re-offending. A rapid review of effectiveness studies was performed to determine the relative impact of prison and community sentences on re-offending. An economic analysis was undertaken to transform the estimates of effect into estimates of the economic efficiency of alternative sentencing options in the context of the UK. When compared with standard prison sentences, a number of community-based interventions and enhancements of standard prison sentences were found to save money, both for the public sector and for society more broadly. Diverting adult offenders from standard prison sentences to alternative interventions saves the UK public sector between ￡19,000 and ￡88,000 per offender. When victim costs are considered, diverting offenders from standard prison sentences saves UK society between ￡17,500 and ￡203,000 per offender. It was concluded that standard prison sentences are not an economically efficient means for reducing re-offending.

An innovation economics agenda for the Obama administration

Seven recommendations are offered for the Obama Administration to ensure that the economy is on a robust growth path over the next decade. These recommendations are intended as first steps towards building the innovation-based public-private partnerships needed to drive economic growth and prosperity.

中老关系框架下的云南——老挝经济合作

从1989年云南与老挝的边境贸易恢复以来,在中老友好合作关系的框架下,云南与老挝的经济合作快速发展,取得了较大的成绩。云南省与老挝的经贸合作不断发展,合作层次不断深化,与此同时,云南与老挝在合作机制的刨新和发展方面取得了明显的成效,形成了“云南——老北合作”这样有效的合作机制。     

越南——广西提升与东盟合作的重要伙伴

广西与越南的合作在经贸基础、发展战略、合作机制及项目等方面已具备诸多优势,可通过推进项目合作、处理贸易逆差、引导边贸转型升级、加强北部湾合作开发等方面着手,探索与越南合作的新优势和新途径,以越南为支撑点促进与东盟的全局合作。