The limits of local citizenship: administrative borders within the Italian municipalities

This article explores residency, a form of municipal membership that plays a strategic role in Italy. Residency is a formal status and a means to have access to rights. Therefore, it is a sort of local citizenship that, at least in part, equalises citizens and non-citizens. Due to its strategic role, many local authorities have paid serious attention to it recently. Municipalities have illegally tightened the requirements provided for by national laws for obtaining the status of resident or introduced new requirements. Stressing the different mechanisms of exclusion from residency, this article explains that they often work as administrative borders. These are bureaucratic barriers that, by denying residency, aspire to regulate, symbolically and sometimes materially, the composition of the people living within municipal territories and to redistribute rights between ‘deserving’ and ‘undeserving’ individuals. As such, administrative borders fragment individual statuses and provoke an increase in civic stratification.     

From mosque to mosque: past and present images of Islamic space in Greece

This essay is an attempt to chart recent developments in the field of Modern Greek Studies, focusing on shifting perceptions regarding Islam and Muslims. To do so, the essay positions the relevant literature in its historical context, touching upon both accomplishments and limitations. Its main proposition is that the Greek case is distinct yet connected to contemporary global contingencies and broader long-term regional dynamics. Athens remains the only European capital without a mosque. Moreover, despite recent academic endeavors, there exists today no coherent Greek field of Islamic Studies. That these absences have been brought recently under political and academic scrutiny constitutes, however, a noteworthy change. Most important, the traditional exclusion of Islam from the field of Modern Greek Studies does not suggest lack of relevance between the two but, quite to the contrary, reveals a set of loaded and complex socieconomic, geopolitical, and historical links that deserve to be studied in their own right.     

新生代农民工向工人阶级转化对党的执政安全的影响

新生代农民工已经具备了工人阶级的基本特征，是我国工人阶级队伍的重要成员，对巩固党的执政安全具有积极意义。但其与城市工人阶级相比尚存在较大差距，向工人阶级转化还不深入，由此导致对党执政安全的负面影响充分发挥新生代农民工对党执政安全的积极意义，尽力消除其对党执政安全的负面影响，是维护并巩固党执政安全不可回避的重大课题、     

Europe as a Beacon of Democracy? Citizenship Policies Relating to Youth and Migrants in Portugal

Abstract

This article aims to compare discourses about national and European policies on active citizenship and democratic participation, with a particular focus on youth and migrants. For this purpose we analysed official documents of public institutions and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in order to assess how the process of Europeanization has influenced national policies with regard to increasing political participation and citizens' civic awareness. Additionally, we conducted interviews with policy makers and NGO leaders in order to integrate and compare different levels of discourse and thus identify potential dissonances. Analysis of the documents shows that there is a strong concern to match national policy priorities with those established by international organizations. Notwithstanding positive perceptions, NGO leaders and policy makers criticize the ways policies have been implemented, stressing the need to adopt a strategy that bridges the gap between the prescribed and the real, as well as the importance of overcoming the hegemony of economic factors in policy decisions. In this regard, NGO leaders criticize the cynicism of political leaders and policies motivated by demographic and economic concerns. In relation to European identity and integration, NGO leaders argue that Europe must be collectively constructed; yet, policy makers stress that the failure of the Constitutional Treaty in 2005 resulted from a deficit in the negotiation process. In sum, this article suggests that it is necessary to promote greater involvement of civil society in the design and implementation of policies which, in turn, may contribute to the strengthening of shared democratic principles.     

对失地农民弱势群体的法学考察——基于失地农民法律权利弱势性角度的分析

目前,人们对失地农民的关注明显不足。失地农民失去的不仅是土地,而且是附载在土地上的一切权利。对失地农民这一特殊概念的法学内涵进行揭示,避开弱势群体一般意义上的外观弱势性表现,深入其权利弱势结构内部对失地农民予以界定和进行理性思考,是十分必要的。     

性别化年龄与女性农民工研究

本文以"性别化年龄"这一概念解析四川一家大型酒楼的"大姐"和"小妹"这两个有一定差异的打工者群体在劳资关系中所处的不同地位.重点在于探讨性别与年龄如何成为女性农民工看待自己工作及处理劳资关系的认知基础和行动源泉.所谓"性别化年龄"指涉及年龄问题的社会性别建构.这时候的年龄问题已经不是一种简单的生物事实,而成为一种复杂的"社会事实".对那些自认并被别人称为"大龄"的打工妹群体而言,这一社会事实往往充当着一种对集体意识和集体行动的限制.对那些所谓"小龄"打工妹群体来说,性别化的年龄尺度常常可以作为工人与老板博弈的空间而存在.     

‘Forever Temporary’: Migrants in Calais,Then and Now

This article examines two recent refugee crises in Calais: the debate around the Sangatte refugee camp, which was resolved in 2002, and the ongoing problems in Calais, which have been escalating since autumn 2014. It asks: why are these events repeating? What, if anything, has changed between 2002 and now? It points to a number of new developments since 2002, such as growing numbers of migrants worldwide, and a changing European political and legal landscape. But it also argues that a number of the same factors that led to the Sangatte crisis are still shaping events and responses in Calais today. They concern the persistent shortcomings of European states’ immigration controls, the failures to reach Europe‐wide and international agreements on migration, and the inadequacies of international bodies such as the UNHCR and the 1951 Refugee Convention which it upholds.     

Metis,migrants, and the autonomy of migration

This paper interweaves an ancient conceptualization of movement and mobility with the paradigmatic case of early twentieth-century Chinese migration to the USA in order to explore migrants’ ability to both re-interpret institutional control of movement and generate identities that garner institutional and community acceptance. By not ‘settling’ migrants into the discourse of (undocumented) immigrants, the paper (i) develops a framework for the study of migrants–state interactions that goes beyond claims to citizenship and demands for rights and (ii) explores practices and means through which migrants gain access to restricted territories and maintain presence in otherwise unwelcoming communities. The paper argues that such practices explicate the autonomy of migration: a phenomenon that is constitutive to processes of political transformation and is critical to the study of state sovereignty, citizenship rights, and political agency.     

日俄入侵对东北招民垦荒的影响（1860～1911）

随着自19世纪50年代以来沙俄的移民和侵略,清政府逐步解除了东北地区的封禁政策,开始招民垦荒,以图巩固边防。中日甲午战争后,日本也把侵略的触角伸向这一地区。尤其是在日俄战争结束后,沙俄和日本分别将＂北满＂、＂南满＂划为各自的势力范围,以铁路为依托,逐步实行殖民统治。沙俄和日本的入侵使得清政府感到自己在东北的统治受到严重的威胁,为维持在东北的统治,进一步把东北的荒地全体开放。总体来看,这一时期清政府在东北地区招民垦荒政策的实施与日俄长期争夺东北是密不可分的。     

第二代城市移民违法犯罪防控对策

调查显示,群众对社会治安状况最关注的问题中,有相当一部分与第二代城市移民有着密切联系。第二代城市移民违法犯罪问题是司法实践中较为突出的问题之一,直接影响社会治安秩序和人民群众的安全感和满意度。根据其产生违法犯罪的原因,有针对性地采取加强学校教育、改善家庭教育、发挥社区作用、建立登记管理制度、充分发挥公安机关的作用等一系列的措施对第二代城市移民违法犯罪问题进行防控和治理。