‘An error is feedback’: the experience of communication error management in crisis negotiations

A range of studies have examined what should be said and done in crisis negotiations. Yet, no study to date has considered what happens when an error is made, how to respond to an error, and what the consequences of errors and responses might be on the negotiation process itself. To develop our understanding of errors, we conducted 11 semi-structured interviews with police crisis negotiators in the Netherlands. Negotiators reported making errors of three types: factual, judgment, or contextual. They also reported making use of four types of response strategy: accept, apologize, attribute, and contradict. Critically, the negotiators did not perceive errors as solely detrimental, but as an opportunity for feedback. They advocated for an error management approach, which focused on what could be learned from another person’s errors when looking back at them. Suggestions for improvement of the communication error management experience in crisis negotiations are discussed.     

海洋强国战略下中国海事司法的职能

海事司法因海洋活动主体的专业性需求而由海事法院专门审判.作为海洋强国战略软实力的重要组成部分,新形势下中国海事司法的职能需重新定位,在保护公民、法人合法权益、保障海洋经济活动秩序的基础上,还应发挥其在推动涉海法律体系发展及维护国家海洋主权上的作用.为此,应着重从扩大海事法院的管辖权和培养海事审判理念两方面完善中国海事司法,并从相应的组织、理念、法律和人才方面为海事司法职能的实现提供具体保障.     

思考在证据“拿来”之后——威格摩尔证明表格的逻辑化倾向及启示

人们普遍承认在由证据法学向证明法学转向过程中，威格摩尔是一位具有宏阔战略眼光的人物，但对反映其司法证明科学理论的著作《建立在逻辑学、心理学和一般生活经验基础上的司法证明原则》并未给予应有的重视。这主要与当时普遍重视证据规则立法、相对轻视司法证明内在结构与原则的研究不无关系。现在英美国家的证据规则立法已充分发达，而影响证据立法的体制与主要因素已有所变化，重新认识其司法证明的基本原则与方法论倾向会对预测证据法晕的发展趋蛰与我国的证据立法实践有重要现实意义。     

无锡文化创意产业集聚园区发展的问题和解决思路

文化创意产业是在文化产业的基础上,源于创意产业这一创新理念的发现和发明,把科技、文化和智慧相结合,通过知识产权的生成,创造经济效益的新经济形式,被誉为21世纪的新兴朝阳产业。当前在全国正涌动一股文化创意产业园区建设热潮,该文对这一现象进行了冷静思考,阐述了当前文化创意产业园区存在的问题,并放眼全国,从操作层面提出了可行性建议和意见。     

从理论到实践的转型:论课税要件适用的双重面向

税法上的课税要件是由观念、制度、规则等多层次、多维度组成的税法学理论与实务动态应用体系,是税法学的研究基础,并以此为思维工具展开对具体税及法律关系的解构。通过对既有理论学说的拓补、拾遗,着重课税要件的如何适用,寻找其适用的理论界限、实践取向,从判决中归纳提炼其在司法实务中的运行进路。以课税要件融贯税法规范与经济事实,提供解决实务中细腻而具体、疑难且复杂实务问题的分析方法及路径。藉由税法学理论应然面的型塑与税收司法实务实然面运行的映射,以求描绘其基本形貌。     

程序控权与程序性立法的控权指向检讨——以《行政诉讼法》立法目的为个案

就对权力的规制而言,一个合理分权的权力结构当是最为根本和富有实效的,然在这一根本性前提尚未具备且短期内难有实质性变化的境况下,程序对于控权的意义更应被特别强调,尤其在如《行政诉讼法》这样的程序性立法中.因为对权力的规制需要程序要件的满足;权力行使的过程性要求对其制约的程序性;程序特别是正当程序本身即为控权机制;程序制约的过程正当性是法治之德的核心;程序的牵制性有助于催发权力结构的合理变化.但遗憾的是,在如《行政诉讼法》这样的控权性质相当浓厚的程序性立法中,由立法目的所体现的对于权力刻意维护的立法指向却是需要深刻检讨的.     

Support for Harsh Criminal Sanctions and Criminal Justice Beliefs: A Social Dominance Perspective

Much of the criminal justice literature indicates that people’s support for harsh criminal sanctions such as the death penalty is strongly related to their beliefs about deterrence and their beliefs about retribution. In this paper, using social dominance theory as our organizing framework, we expand upon this literature by showing that social dominance orientation (SDO) is also related to support for harsh criminal sanctions, as well as to deterrence and retribution beliefs. In addition, we show that the relationships between SDO, on the one hand, and support for various forms of severe criminal sanctions, on the other, are mediated by deterrence and retribution beliefs.

Peer Victimization,Social Support,and Psychosocial Adjustment of Sexual Minority Adolescents

The present study examined the link between sexual orientation and adjustment in a community sample of 97 sexual minority (gay male, lesbian, bisexual, and questioning) high school students, taking into account their experiences of peer victimization and social support within peer and family contexts. Adolescents were identified in a large-scale survey study conducted at 5 high schools. They were matched to a comparison sample of their heterosexual peers. Sexual minority adolescents reported more externalizing behaviors and depression symptoms than heterosexual youth. Compared to their heterosexual peers, sexual minority youth reported more sexual harassment, more bullying, less closeness with their mothers, and less companionship with their best friends. There were no significant differences between gay male, lesbian, bisexual, and questioning adolescents. Overall, both victimization and social support mediated the link between sexual orientation and psychosocial symptoms. Among sexual minority youth, the link between social support and externalizing was mediated by experiences of peer victimization. These findings highlight the contextual risk and protective factors associated with non-heterosexual sexual orientation in accounting for the emotional and behavioral problems in this population. Ms. Williams completed her M.A. in Clinical-Developmental Psychology at York University in Toronto, Ontario. She is currently working on her Ph.D. Her research interests include adolescent sexual orientation, adolescent romantic relationships, and dating violence. Dr. Connolly is a Professor of Psychology at York University. She received her Ph.D. from Concordia University and is a Registered Psychologist in the Province of Ontario. Her current research examines adolescent romantic relationships and the peer context. Dr. Pepler is a Professor of Psychology at York University and Psychologist at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto. She received her Ph.D. from the University of Waterloo and is a Registered Psychologist in the Province of Ontario. Her current research examines aggression and victimization among adolescents with a concern to the processes related to these problems over the lifespan. Dr. Craig is a Professor of Psychology at Queen's University. She received her Ph.D. from York University and is a Registered Psychologist in the Province of Ontario. Her current research examines bullying, victimization, aggression, juvenile delinquency, peer relations, and the development of intervention programs.     

Parenting,Peer Orientation,Drug Use,and Antisocial Behavior in Late Adolescence: A Cross-National Study

The objective of this study was to investigate the links between maternal and paternal bonding, parental practices, orientation toward peers, and the prevalence of drug use and antisocial behavior during late adolescence. A model was tested using structural equation modeling in order to verify the robustness of the investigated links across 3 countries: Canada, France, and Italy. A self-report questionnaire was given to a sample of 908 adolescents, with an equivalent number of girls and boys, in Grade 11. The questionnaire assessed the following variables: parental bonding, parental supervision, parental tolerance, orientation toward peers, involvement in physically aggressive antisocial behavior, non-physically aggressive antisocial behavior, and drug use. The model was robust across the 3 countries, thus confirming a path that identified quality of emotional bonds between adolescents and their parents as a distal variable acting upon deviant behaviors through the following mediators: parental supervision, parental tolerance, frequency of conflicts, and orientation toward peers. Michel Claes is full professor at the Université de Montréal, Canada. He received his Ph.D. in Education from Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgium. His major research interest is in social development in adolescence, with a special focus on intercultural studies.     

西部开发中地方政府角色定位初探

西部大开发,政府是关键.西部地区的政府必须扮演"强势政府"的角色,通过有关地方性法规的制定和落实,营造良好的投资环境.另一方面,要将国家的支持转化为自身发展的"造血"功能,通过制定区域发展战略规划,确定区域内的支柱产业和主导产业,在保障国家统一和中央权威的前提下,发展本地区的经济,并推动市场化改革.