To Denounce,or Not To Denounce: Survey Experiments on Diplomatic Quarrels

Despite widespread concern over heated diplomatic debates and growing interest in public diplomacy, it is still incompletely understood what type of message is more effective for gaining support from foreign public, or the international society, in situations where disputing countries compete in diplomatic campaigns. This study, through multiple survey experiments, uncovers the effect of being silent, issuing positive justification, and negative accusation, in interaction with the opponent’s strategy. We demonstrate that negative verbal attacks “work” and undermine the target’s popularity as they do in electoral campaigns. Unlike domestic electoral campaigns, however, negative diplomacy has little “backlash” and persuades people to support the attacker. Consequently, mutual verbal fights make neither party more popular than the other. Nevertheless, this does not discourage disputants from waging verbal fights due to the structure similar to the one-shot prisoner’s dilemma. We also find that positive messages are highly context-dependent—that is, their effects greatly depend on the opponent’s strategy and value proximity between the messenger and the receiver.     

Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments

Political systems dominated by a single party are common in the developing world, including in countries that hold regular elections. Yet we lack knowledge about the strategies by which these regimes maintain political dominance. This article presents evidence from Tanzania, a paradigmatic dominant party regime, to demonstrate how party institutions are used instrumentally to ensure the regime's sustained control. First, I show that the ruling party maintains a large infrastructure of neighbourhood representatives, and that in the presence of these agents, citizens self-censor about their political views. Second, I provide estimates of the frequency with which politicians give goods to voters around elections, demonstrating that such gifts are more common in Tanzania than previous surveys suggest. Third, I use a survey experiment to test respondents’ reaction to information about corruption. Few voters change their preferences upon receipt of this information. Taken together, this article provides a detailed picture of ruling party activities at the micro-level in Tanzania. Citizens conceal opposition sympathies from ten cell leaders, either because they fear punishment or seek benefits. These party agents can monitor citizens’ political views, facilitating clientelist exchange. Finally, citizens’ relative insensitivity to clientelism helps explain why politicians are not punished for these strategies.     

媒介对三农作用指标体系的研究路径及功能

建立检测媒介对三农作用的指标体系,可以使媒介对三农作用的系列调查具有可比性与延续性,可以成为评价媒介作用、监测媒介发展状况的依据,并为政府有关部门提供决策依据.本文探讨了这一指标体系的研究路径,提出了应当以中国主流媒体的职责功能为出发点,以传播学为理论基础,以其功能说为维度.同时应当遵循定量与定性相统一、客观指标与主观指标相结合,指标应具有广泛的覆盖性并能加以量化等方面的原则.     

提高犯罪现场勘查效率之探讨

犯罪现场勘查效率高低与后续侦查活动能否顺利进行息息相关。受各种主客观因素影响,我国犯罪现场勘查普遍存在效率较低现象。为了顺利实现刑事诉讼目标,适应刑事立法对侦查提出的要求,应采取提高现场出场勘查率、痕迹物证采集率、规范制作各种法律文书、加强技侦人员双向沟通和交流、健全各项工作管理制度等措施来提高犯罪现场勘查效率。     

关于当前派出所长队伍状况的调查

派出所长作为基层公安工作的具体执行者和推动者,处于承上启下的重要位置。对唐山市派出所长队伍现状的调查结果表明,队伍整体结构比较合理,知识层次较高,具有较为丰富的工作经验和较强的工作能力,但也存在着一些不容忽视的问题和不足,必须认真加以解决。     

用人单位视角下高职学生道德素质维度测评

测评分析发现,当前大学生的职业道德素养存在令人担忧之处。在选拔毕业生时,用人单位强调毕业生的诚信意识,任用和提拔时更注重团队合作、敬业精神、责任意识。因此,高职院校应重视职业道德教育,开发符合学校实际和被用人单位认可的职业道德素养培养模式,建立大学生职业道德素养培养考核体系,培养出"德技双馨"的受用人单位欢迎的高素质、高技能人才。     

关于狱政管理专业毕业生在岗基本情况的调查

文章是针对原辽宁省大连监狱的21届狱政管理专业毕业生的真实情况而撰写的调查报告。文中根据调研掌握的监狱机关及毕业生对警校狱政管理专业教学的要求,提出了"应加大实践教学力度"和"专业教学与素质教育有机结合、拓展教育空间"等可行性意见。     

1 601例盆腔炎性疾病及其后遗症患者中医证型分布特征

目的 探究盆腔炎性疾病（pelvic inflammatory disease,PID）和盆腔炎性疾病后遗症（sequelae of pelvic inflammatory disease,SPID）患者中医证型分布特征。方法 以成都中医药大学附属医院为牵头单位,通过横断面调查,对全国17个省、自治区、直辖市的22家医院的1 601例PID和SPID患者（其中PID患者874例,SPID患者727例）的中医证候特征进行分析。结果 PID以湿热蕴结证（占40.96%）、湿热瘀结证（占30.32%）、瘀热内结证（占10.64%）、热毒炽盛证（占7.89%）为常见证型;盆腔炎性疾病反复发作急性期以湿热瘀结证（占22.39%）、气滞血瘀夹湿热证（占22.39%）为常见证型;SPID非急性加重期以湿热瘀结证（占38.52%）为常见证型;其中慢性盆腔疼痛、盆腔炎性疾病反复发作、不孕症以湿热瘀结证为常见证型。PID患者湿热蕴结证、湿热瘀结证在所有地区的分布频率均较高,瘀热内结证、热毒炽盛证在西南地区分布较多;SPID患者的证型中,西南、华中、华南地区以湿热瘀结证、气滞血瘀证较多见,气虚血瘀证在华中、西北地区分布频率较高,肾虚血瘀证在华东、华北地区分布频率较高,寒湿凝滞证在西北、东北地区分布较多;中医证型与地区分布的差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 PID和SPID中医证型分布具有一定规律性,地区分布存在一定差异性,可为临床因地制宜地辨证治疗PID提供一定的参考依据。     

贵州非法剧毒鼠药滥用情况调查及分析

为进一步了解贵州省非法鼠药销售及使用状况,对该省使用剧毒鼠药的情况进行了调查,对收集的样本进行了成分分析。调查结果为领导部门打击非法制售急性剧毒鼠药活动、防止恶性中毒事件和投毒杀人案件的发生提供第一手数据。     

Taking cues from the government: heuristic versus systematic processing in a constitutional referendum

Abstract

One of the main criticisms of direct democracy is that it places excessive demands on voters. Are citizens competent enough to vote directly on policy issues? When stakes are high, do citizens mainly follow elites’ signals or do they decide in line with their issue preferences? This article addresses these questions in a multi-method setting by combining observational and experimental data from an original three-wave panel survey conducted during the 2016 Italian constitutional referendum. In particular, Finite Mixture Models are employed to model voters’ heterogeneous strategies of information processing. Findings show that heuristic voting based on government evaluation prevails over policy-related voting. More specifically, less politically sophisticated and partisan voters relied on government assessment as a heuristic, while sophisticated and independent voters based their decisions mostly on their assessment of the reform. Implications for the question of citizens’ competence in direct democracy are discussed.