The Body a ‘Double-Edged Sword’? A Qualitative Study on Swedish Female Prisoners' Relationship toward Their Bodies

Our aim was to explore female prisoners' relationship toward their bodies by means of qualitative interviews. We interviewed 14 female prisoners aged 22–53 years. Four were convicted for violent crimes, seven for drug crimes, and three for more than one crime. All of them had been addicted to drugs and the most frequently used drug was amphetamine. To analyse the participants' relationship toward their bodies we used a thematic analysis. The main result encompasses three phenomena: worries about weight, negative emotions toward the body, and negative thoughts about the body. Analyses revealed that the female prisoners' relationship toward their bodies is a changeable process. Our analyses also showed that experience of physical and sexual abuse was a very important factor for understanding these women's relationship toward their bodies.     

浅谈盗割回流线案件的现场勘查

盗割回流线案件是近年来铁路沿线多发的一种危及行车安全的刑事案件,因其现场多且处于野外而给现场勘查带来很大难度。这类案件的现场勘查,首先应利用回流线上遗留的痕迹特征,分析作案工具的种类,同时要特别注意外围现场遗留的痕迹、物品。     

我国当代女性犯罪诱因的社会学评价

当代中国的女性犯罪随着社会的发展越来越严重，不仅犯罪率上升，而且呈现出新的特点，严重扰乱了社会生活的安定与和谐，已经成为一个不容忽视的问题。我们主要从社会学视角探析女性犯罪的深层次原因，旨在突破一些传统的看法，综合分析诱导女性犯罪的社会原因。     

张爱玲、苏青小品文的创作特色及其意义

张爱玲、苏青的小品文记述女性的庸常生活,打破了沦陷区周作人一路"冲淡"文字盛行的单调局面,也一反"五四"以降感伤主义的文学传统.关注庸常生活对主流文学忽视人的感性生命和日常生活具有一定的纠偏补正作用.张爱玲、苏青小品文创作对现代汉语散文的最大意义就是开创了一种女性话语方式.     

女性农民工城市生存困境分析

女性农民工是农民工队伍中的弱者,其城市生存困境表现在其就业方式、职业层次、职业风险、社会地位、社交情感等多方面,解决这些问题的根本措施是要彻底改革城乡分割的社会结构,完善社会保障制度,规范劳动力市场,同时提高女性农民工的自身素质。     

AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF THE VIOLENT VICTIMIZATION OF WOMEN: RACE/ETHNICITY AND SITUATIONAL CONTEXT*

Although much has been learned in recent years about the victimization experiences of women, there remains a considerable knowledge gap with respect to the victimization of women of different racial and ethnic backgrounds. In order to confront this issue, we use the large number of cases available in the National Crime Victimization Survey (1992–2000) to examine the risk and protective factors associated with violent victimization among non‐Hispanic white, non‐Hispanic black, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, and Native American women. We then describe in more detail the violent incidents against these women, looking for distinguishing patterns across groups. Our results are useful for fine‐tuning theories of victimization to explain variance in violence for females across racial and ethnic subgroups.     

Situational factors in female-perpetrated child sexual abuse in organisations: implications for prevention

ABSTRACT

Despite increasing interest in child sexual abuse occurring in organisations, the perpetration of such abuse by females is largely ignored. This study examined situational factors in 136 cases of sexual abuse perpetrated by women working with children in the UK, Canada and the USA between 2000 and 2016. Qualitative and quantitative content analysis of court reports, professional regulator decisions, media reports and an online sentencing database was used, findings indicating that situational and contextual factors are highly relevant in perpetration. Much abuse occurs away from the organisational environment, particularly in perpetrators’ homes and cars, and in virtual environments. However, it also occurs within organisations, generally in unsupervised areas, outside of operating hours and often during mentoring/tutoring or extra-curricular activities. Organisational and local culture can be a facilitator in this abuse and allow it to continue even when concerns are raised. Practical prevention measures are suggested to assist in reducing future abuse.     

The Characteristics and Motivations Behind Female Prison Sex

Abstract

Research on the topic of consensual same-sex sexual activities within female prisons has been sparse in sociological and correctional literature. The purpose of the present study was to examine the characteristics and motivations which affect a female inmate's decision to engage in same-sex sexual activity. The most significant and salient variables associated with the same-sex sexual activity among female inmates were age and amount of time served. Younger inmates and those who had served longer periods of time incarcerated were identified as more likely than older inmates and women who have served shorter periods of time to engage in homosexual activity. Race and religion also had a significant effect on selected same-sex sexual behavior in the female correctional facility. The present study finds equal, but limited support for both the deprivation and importation models.     

英国女性囚犯的现状研究及其启示

随着英国成为西欧女性监禁率最高的国家,其在女性囚犯的管理方式和制度的问题和诟病逐渐显现出来。英国监狱制度一向被认为是比较完善和系统的,但是英国女性囚犯在监狱中遭受着持续暴力、药物滥用、脱衣搜身制度、男性主导的监狱文化以及与家庭沟通的过度限制,给她们的身心生活均造成了严重而持久的影响,导致监狱内精神疾病和自杀现象频发,但同时也引起了替代羁押刑及措施的研究和应用。这给同样处于女性囚犯数量持续增长现状的中国敲响警钟,我们应当重视以下对策研究:建设个性化的女子监狱;不断完善离监探亲制度;加强社区矫正制度的应用。     

Arbitrary decision making in the absence of evidence: an examination of factors related to treatment selection and recidivism for female sexual offenders

ABSTRACT

As criminal justice professionals are asked to assign risk levels and treat females who sexually offend, identifying risk factors for recidivism prediction and treatment targets is important. Although the majority of risk and treatment studies have focused on males, general female offender research and developing research with female sex offenders both provide some evidence for possible factors related to sexual offending behaviour in women. The purpose of this study was to explore what possible factors were related to treatment selection in a sample of 506 females serving prison sentences for a sexual offense, and, in turn, to examine which factors predicted non-sexual and sexual recidivism. Results demonstrated that exploratory variables were significantly related to treatment selection, as opposed to variables previously supported in research. Furthermore, living with a significant other for more than two years, and prior sexual offending arrests predicted sexual recidivism, while decreased age and treatment participation predicted non-sexual recidivism. These findings indicate that while similarities between male and female sexual offenders exist, females still demonstrate gender-specific risk factors.