Comparing the Effects of Treatment on Female Juvenile Gang and Non-Gang Members

Abstract

Most research indicates that males comprise the greatest proportion of gang members. Since the 1990s, however, there has been an increasing interest in female gangs and gang members. The current study builds on this research interest by examining differences between female gang members and non-gang members who participated in a juvenile probation program designed to identify and intervene with youth considered to be high risk for subsequent criminal and delinquent activity. The results of a logistic regression analysis revealed that two factors significantly influenced a female offender's likelihood of being rearrested: she did not complete the program, and she did not live with her natural parent(s). We conclude that the significant results do support findings from previous research in this area; we also discuss possible explanations as to why other factors were not significantly related to rearrests.     

Saving male time,exploiting female labour: The woman as the “driving force” in premodern society, 1700–1914

Research on the division of male and female labor during pre-industrial and industrial times has overlooked the significance of the bearing and carrying work done by women in a variety of occupations. The history of the labor force in and around the city of Liege in Belgium provides numerous examples of how women – almost like beasts of burden – carried over long distances bread, coal, and the finished products of domestic industry. In industrializing Liege, they not only took care of the above-ground conveyancing in coal mining, but also often pulled barges through canals and rivers. These activities by women, badly remunerated, eliminated the need for men in these tasks, and thus saved entrepreneurs both time and money. The nuanced investigation of work time, family time, and the division of labor among the sexes, as carried out by Tamara Hareven, has sensitized researchers to questions of this kind for understanding the nature of work in the pre-modern times as well as in the process of industrialization.     

减税的扩张效应分析

我国积极财政政策的实行是否需要进行减税 ,理论界有不同看法 ,概括起来主要有两种不同的观点 :一是认为减税有利于扩大内需 ;二是认为减税会抑制财政支出。从实证角度看 ,减税是一种临时性的应急措施 ,其作用要在机制完善、法律健全的条件下才有明显效果     

浅析女性犯罪

女性 ,作为社会的弱势群体 ,是法律侧重保护的对象。但处在社会变革环境中 ,各个阶段的女性群体在内因和外因的共同作用下 ,对各种社会规范有意无意的逾越也日渐增多 ,从而导致女性犯罪呈现急剧增长趋势。本文从女性性别与犯罪的关系 ;女性犯罪性别差异的趋势 ;女性犯罪的主观因素进行了分析探讨 ,并提出了加强女性知识教育 ,提高女性素质 ,增强自立、自强能力等五条预防措施     

对女性耻骨联合分娩疤痕的研究

本文观察了90例女性耻骨联合。其中50例已分娩妇女耻骨联合背侧近缘的骨面上、联合面上端与骨嵴、联合面下与骨嵴、腹侧斜面和斜坡等部位，可检见不同程度和形态的疤痕。96％在耻骨背侧近缘的骨面上出现疤痕；76％在耻骨联合上端与骨嵴部位出现疤痕。40例未生育的女性耻骨联合上，除3例在背侧近缘的骨面上，出现类似分娩者疤痕外，其他3个部位均未见类似分娩者疤痕。本研究提示，女性耻骨联合出现不同程度和形态的疤痕，对判断无名女性尸骨在生前有无分娩史，具有一定价值。在五个实例中应用此法判断取得了满意结果。     

女性生存与发展的思考——以安徽省淮北市为例

女性发展是实现社会公平正义的前提。通过对安徽省淮北市女性发展状况的分析,反思了女性在参政议政、教育、卫生、劳动就业、法律保障等领域存在的问题,提出在构建和谐社会进程中必须采取积极有效的干预措施,推动女性平等发展。     

青年问题视角下的高校“急嫁族”现象成因分析

近年来,高校中一些女大学生信奉“学得好不如嫁得好”,她们将婚姻视为就业的一条捷径,企图通过嫁人来过上舒适的生活,人们形象地称之为“急嫁族”。“急嫁族”的出现是个人、家庭、学校和社会多方面因素综合作用的结果,是当代青年大学生在就业、价值观、教育、心理健康及恋爱婚姻方面的问题的体现。     

The Impact of Incarceration in State Prison on the Employment Prospects of Women

This paper uses a unique data set constructed from two sets of administrative records to examine the relationship between incarceration and employment rates for former female state prisoners from Illinois. Our analysis indicates that although prison is associated with declining employment rates during the quarters leading up to women’s incarcerations, it does not appear to harm their employment prospects later on. In the short-term, we estimate that women’s post-prison employment rates are about 4 percentage points above expected levels. However, these employment gains do not persist and gradually fall back to pre-prison levels. These results indicate that time out of the work force is not a cost associated with incarcerating women.

试析我国女性群体的分化与分层

伴随着社会结构的急剧变动,妇女群体的分化与分层也日益明显,但无论是以往的妇女研究还是社会分层研究都对此领域有所忽视。本文一反女性研究中强调性别视角的做法,而是以阶层视角重新审视女性问题,将我国的妇女划分为五个层次,对其各自的组成群体、社会地位、生存困境以及发展需求等进行分析。