Subalterns and the State in the Longue Durée: Notes from “The Rebellious Century” in the Bhil Heartland

Abstract

Focusing on recent debates over the ways in which subaltern groups engage with the state in India, the article proposes that it is imperative to historicise our conceptions of subaltern politics in India. More specifically, the argument is made that it is imperative to recognise that subaltern appropriations of the institutions and discourses of the state have a longer historical lineage than what is often proposed in critical work on popular resistance in rural India. The article presents a detailed analysis of Adivasi rebellions in colonial western India and argues that these took the form of a contentious negotiation of the incorporation of tribal communities into an emergent “colonial state space.” The conclusion presents a sketch of a Gramscian approach to the study of how subaltern politics proceeds in and through determinate state–society relations.     

论北洋军阀政府时期的报刊立法活动及主要特点

袁世凯当政时期及其死后的北洋军阀政府在报刊方面开展了一系列立法活动.这些立法活动表现出来的主要特点是政权性质改变而名号照旧、报刊法制成果主要集中在袁世凯当政时期、字面上"民主自由"和实质上封建专制手段共用等.     

Socio-cultural aspects of the relationship between the EU and East Asia, with particular reference to China

This paper presents a comparative study about words and about sovereignty; about the ancestry of the words that construct the discourse of sovereignty in the context of China; about the analysis and interpretation of the civic discourse and the rhetoric that construct Chinese sovereignty in the field of international relations and foreign policy, and about the consequences of this analysis and interpretation for the formulation of EU foreign policy with regard to East Asia, especially China, and the United States, as well as the feedback that notions of sovereignty have on the construction of Chinese civic discourse. For many contemporary Chinese thinkers, China should modernise without repeating the process of modernism, should leap over the system of values established by the Enlightenment that seemed to justify imperialism, and develop an economy and institutions that would serve to create wealth and to raise the standard of living of the population, without imposing values that are advantageous to a “West” that is already wealthy. They have identified a cultural dissidence within developed societies that advocates the values of postmodernism as a way of rejecting the values of modernism. In this context, they advocate the possibility of modernising their society without having to accept the imposition of values that originated in societies that have already begun to question them. In this way, China could reach postmodernism in a relatively short period of history without having to pass through the traumas that characterised the development of modernism in the “West” over a period of centuries (it would be difficult not to discern echoes of Mao Zedong’s “Great Leap Forward” in these Chinese versions of the postmodernist paradigm). The communicative strategy to be adopted by the EU in the rhetorical construction of its dialogue with China should be fully cognizant of and sensitive to the criteria of China’s moral order as outlined in this study and specified in the Five Principles (mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity; non-aggression; non-interference in each other’s internal affairs; equality and mutual benefit; and peaceful coexistence), the Spirit of Shanghai and the ASEAN Way, with special emphasis on mutual recognition, parity of esteem, and mutual benefit. Any other discourse will be perceived semiotically as unilateralist and exploitative. Respect for diversity is paramount, and the ability to harmonise diversity is a major function of Chinese political and cultural thought. “Harmony” and “peace” are the same word in classical Chinese: hé ( hépíng is the modern word for “peace” and héshēng is the modern word for “harmony”). As a result, any practice that produced harmony, such as music or cooking, was a form of training for maintaining peace, social cohesion and solidarity in society (or among nations).

新时期以来唐诗学研究述论

新时期以来的唐诗学研究,在学科的理论性探讨上取得了初步的成绩,在唐诗学史的考察上呈现出多方位展开的态势,标示着唐诗学研究正日益成为甚具生长性的古典文学分支学科。同时,也存在研究视域不够开阔、理论探讨尚嫌单薄等不足。     

全球化语境中的中国妇女学建设

中国妇女学全球视野与其行动的均衡点决定中国妇女学的生命力,即妇女学能否在国内广泛渗透和扎根,成为社会机体的一个有机组成部分,从而影响、改变民众的日常生活、行为、观念,而不仅仅停留在教学与科研环节,以学术为壁垒,把妇女学看作是精英妇女的自留地。妇女学发展需要兼具两个功能,一个是专业化,突出对专业人员的提高功能,另一个是通俗化,强调对公众的普及功能。中国妇女学建设是手段,而不是目的,是开始,而不是结束。