由“许霆案”看罪刑均衡

“许霆案”的出现一时间引起了社会公众的广泛关注。许霆盗取ATM机的行为是否构成盗窃罪以及量刑是否科学、公正,成为本案的焦点。根据罪刑法定原则,许霆的行为符合盗窃罪的规定,但根据罪刑均衡原则,法院对许霆的量刑不免失之过重。由此反映出我国罪刑均衡原则在立法与司法中存在着解释不均衡、体系不均衡等问题,因此,需要对罪刑均衡原则重新进行审视,以避免类似“许霆案”的再次发生。     

由“许霆案”看罪刑均衡

"许霆案"的出现一时间引起了社会公众的广泛关注。许霆盗取ATM机的行为是否构成盗窃罪以及量刑是否科学、公正,成为本案的焦点。根据罪刑法定原则,许霆的行为符合盗窃罪的规定,但根据罪刑均衡原则,法院对许霆的量刑不免失之过重,由此反映出我国罪刑均衡原则在立法与司法中存在着解释不均衡、体系不均衡等问题。     

论公司对外担保合同的效力——兼评《公司法》第149条第3款

《公司法》第16条与第122条均不属于效力性规范,仅是公司的内部管理规范。除非公司证明债权人知道或者应当知晓公司董事违反公司章程的情况下还接受公司的对外担保,否则公司的对外担保行为有效;若公司章程未就对外担保事项作规定,应将对外担保作为董事会的决议事项,使担保权人、公司、公司自身的债权人以及公司中小股东的利益能够获得适当的平衡。在对外担保合同无效时,《担保法》及其司法解释过于注重对债权人的保障而忽略了对公司利益的维护,有必要予以适当修正。     

重审三权分立的权力制衡价值——从理论解构到实践考证

三权分立能实现权力制衡是分权理论标榜的基本价值。对于三权分立能否实现制衡,可以从理论到历史去分析。从理论上讲,由于三权分立的边界是由宪法划分的,三权划分需要明确的宪法条文标准,而宪法文本的不确定性使之成为难题,按照分权理论的逻辑,分权也可能导致专制的出现,这是三权分立理论的悖论,另外,在历史的实践当中,也没有出现过分权理论所期望的三权制衡,三权分立和议行合一都是权力配置的手段,仅是国家权力的组织形式,关键是看那种形式更能实现社会各种利益的平衡。     

“引异议登记制度入股权登记领域”的初探

随着市场经济的迅速发展,‘一股多转’案件屡见不鲜。‘一股多转’具有存在空间的根本原因在于股权转让的完成与股权变更的登记具有时间差,这种时间差难以消除的特性决定了难以从根本上杜绝‘一股多转’行为。引异议登记制度入股权登记领域,对现有制度进行补充,以破除公信力,使得第三人不能主张善意信赖而取得股权,从而保护原受让股东利益或许是一条可行的路径;而这条路径的构建亦是契合了利益平衡的理念。     

Political Fragmentation and Fiscal Status: Evidence from Municipalities in Israel

Abstract

This article analyses the link between fiscal balance and political fragmentation. While a large body of literature states that political fragmentation leads to fiscal deficits, others suggest that political fragmentation is associated with political competition, which tends to improve fiscal balance. These hypotheses are tested using budgetary and political data of municipalities in Israel for the years 1998–2006. The results suggest that both hypotheses may be correct, depending on voting behaviour. In Arab municipalities, where residents vote according to clan affiliation, low levels of political fragmentation are associated with large debts. On the contrary, in Jewish municipalities, low levels of political fragmentation are associated with small debts, since in these cases, coalition formation requires less spending and is easier to sustain.     

Female Peacekeepers and Gender Balancing: Token Gestures or Informed Policymaking?

Since the United Nations Security Council adopted Resolution 1325 (2000), which is referenced in most of the mandates for peacekeeping authorizations and renewals as of its adoption, UN peacekeeping forces have begun a process of gender balancing. While we have seen an increase in the numbers of female peacekeepers during the decade 2000–2010 and variation in the distribution patterns of female military personnel, we do not know if female military peacekeepers are deploying to areas that are safest or to areas with the greatest need for gender-balanced international involvement. Because the decision-making authority in the allocation of peacekeeping forces rests with the troop-contributing countries, which might not have bought into the gender balancing and mainstreaming initiatives mandated by the UN Security Council, we propose and find evidence that female military personnel tend to deploy to areas where there is least risk. They tend not to deploy where they may be most needed—where sexual violence and gender equity has been a major problem—and we find only a modest effect of having specific language in the mandates related to gender issues.     

Bracing for Cold Peace. US-Russia Relations after Ukraine

Despite rising back to prominence during the global economic turmoil, the International Monetary Fund remains under severe pressure over its lack of legitimacy and effectiveness. It is surrounded by increasingly vibrant and potentially competing systems of regional financial arrangements. But while it is feared that regional arrangements can undermine the global financial order, they can also help buttress the multilateral institutions that are struggling to manage an increasingly complex global economy. The purpose of this article is to draw on trade, exploring the decades-long efforts to ensure compatibilities between regional trade agreements and the multilateral trading system, to offer lessons to financial policymakers.     

论公序良俗原则对习惯及习惯法的权衡

习惯、习惯法及公序良俗均为不确定的概念,因内涵上相互交融而难以完全区分。习惯与习惯法具有自发性、区域性、非正式性等特征,其适用可弥补成文法的不足,有利于现代民法对实质正义的追求。就功能论而言,公序良俗原则是习惯与习惯法的过滤器,起着净化习惯与习惯法的作用。也就是说,无论是习惯法还是事实上的习惯,只要违反公序良俗,均无适用的余地。     

网络交易中经营者与消费者的权益平衡

经营者与消费者作为网络交易的双方主体,在市场经济体制下对其权益全面加以保护具有异乎寻常的重要性。然而,现行理论总是立足于消费者一方的权益保护,而忽视经营者一方的权益保护。为平衡网络交易中消费者与经营者的权益,挖掘现行网络交易中的双方权益平衡的缺陷,本文参考外国相关法律法规,从网络交易运行模式和法律视角探寻网络交易中经营者与消费者的权益平衡方式,以完善网络交易市场,促进市场经济秩序的完善。