The political economy of labor market deregulation during IMF interventions

This study examines the relationship between policy interventions by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and de jure labor rights. Combining two novel data sets with unprecedented country-year coverage – leximetric data on labor laws and disaggregated data on IMF conditionality – our analysis of up to 70 developing countries from 1980 to 2014 demonstrates that IMF-mandated labor market policy measures significantly reduce both individual and collective labor rights. Once we control for the effect of labor market policy measures, however, we find that collective labor rights increase in the wake of IMF programs. We argue that this result is explained by the impact of union pressure on governments which, in such a context, are imbued with the policy space to respond to domestic interest groups. The study has broader theoretical implications as to when international organizations are effective in constraining governments’ choices.     

进攻性联盟、模糊性威慑与AUKUS的战略性扩张

2021年9月15日,美国、英国和澳大利亚建立三边安全伙伴关系(AUKUS)。美英澳三国基于追求权力最大化、改变既有国际秩序的扩张性动机,构建进攻性联盟。美国企图巩固印太地区霸权;英国试图提升印太地区影响力,推动“全球英国”构想;澳大利亚希图扩张在印太地区的威慑力,强化南太平洋区域强国地位。AUKUS的威慑功能具有模糊性,主要体现在威慑对象及触发条件的模糊性。其模糊性威慑主要包括模糊性威慑的信号功能、震慑功能、作战功能、信息和情报共享功能、军工合作功能。AUKUS通过模糊性威慑功能实现美国在印太地区的战略性扩张;威胁中国国家安全和阻挠中国统一进程;诱使印度深化与三国战略合作;引发东盟国家意见分歧;加速欧盟防务自主进程;削弱国际核不扩散机制,恶化地区安全形势,对全球及地区安全局势产生消极影响。     

构建和谐社会必须借以制度来防范利益分化

利益分化、社会利益的多元化以及多元利益表达的需求与利益表达渠道的不完善相冲突,使各利益群体之间的利益矛盾和利益差距不断扩大,社会不公平的现象不断发生。要防范社会利益继续分化,保障社会公平,必须建立一整套完善的利益均衡机制才能实现,这应当包括利益表达机制、利益博弈机制、利益疏导机制、利益调节机制以及利益保障机制等五个方面。     

公办高校内部管理体制中的权力均衡研究

中国公办高校内部管理体制中最突出的问题在于权力失衡。通过分析我国高校内部权力失衡及原因,探讨实现我国高校内部权力均衡化路径,对于深化我国高等教育体制改革、依法办好人民满意的教育等都具有极其重要的意义。     

人本行政裁量权之实现理路探析

人本行政裁量权的精义在于尊重与保障人权。实现人本行政裁量权的主要理路有：在实体上的利益衡量中行政主体应保障诸种利益的均衡;在程序上的裁量过程中行政主体应保障有效的利益沟通;在对行政裁量的司法审查中法院应保障权利的相应救济。     

超越与突破：未成年人刑事检察工作机制研究——兼及未成年人刑事案件公诉体系的构建

未成年人刑事检察机构的专门化和独立化只是未成年人刑事检察业务一体化的前提，未检职能的一体化，即未检业务的承办以实行同一办案组（或承办人）全程负责的“一站式”处理为原则，以特殊未检案件的“小分站式”处理为例外，才是未检业务一体化的核心和未检制度改革的关键。而由未成年人刑事司法原则所决定，未成年人刑事案件的社会调查工作，实行由检察机关启动、委托司法局下设的社会矫正机构具体实施的方式，不仅合法，而且更为科学合理。而未检运行目标的社会化，则应当成为我国未成年人刑事案件公诉体系重构的方向。     

中国检察制度与“权力制衡原则”的内在关联的排除之辩

对于中国检察制度与＂权力制衡原则＂的内在关联,＂撤检派＂基于检察制度与＂权力分立＂和＂权力制衡原则＂不兼容的理由而主张撤销中国检察机关的建制,而＂挺检派＂虽拒斥＂三权分立＂的理念,但同时又笃信＂以权力制约权力＂的＂权力制衡原则＂,并以此作为主张维护和完善中国检察机关的＂理论根据＂或＂原理＂。如果从另一个角度,即通过对＂三权分立＂和＂权力制衡原则＂的前世今生以及是是非非的深入考察,以及对中国政权建构的原理和制度特色的精细解读,从中国政权建构的理念和政制上排除了中国检察制度与＂权力制衡原则＂的内在关联,则认为应当另辟蹊径,为中国的检察制度建构更科学的＂理论基础＂或＂原理＂。     

解决供热企业收费难问题的几点做法

分析了供热企业收费难的原因 ,提出解决供热企业收费难问题的一些具体做法     

Parity,Power and Representative Politics: The Elusive Pursuit of Gender Equality in Europe

In recent years the concept of parity democracy has rapidly risen up the European political agenda. Using a threefold typology of sex-quotas, this article undertakes a classification of the measures taken by the 15 old E.U. member states to improve the gender balance in representative assemblies. This is then used as the basis for an exploration of the advantages and disadvantages of the parity approach as a tool to promote gender equality, including the constitutional obstacles which stand in its way. The article goes on to present a comparative study of several national systems in which attempts to achieve parity democracy have been pursued, concluding that, in order to maximise their effectiveness, parity measures must operate within a system of unbiased political structures and be properly adjusted to suit the particularities of individual national electoral regimes.