To have or not to have: Effects of economic inequality on turnout in European democracies

The effect of economic inequality on turnout has received considerable interest recently. Some studies suggest that inequality depresses turnout, others that the relationship is either the other way around or simply non-existent. Employing a large dataset with some 80,000 respondents from 30 European democracies, we show that great care is required when exploring inequality and turnout. On average, there is indeed a negative/positive effect of being below/above the median income in a country – but it is conditioned by inequality (measured as the Gini coefficient) and national wealth (measured as GDP per capita). Moreover, the two country-level factors interact in surprising ways. Based on our results we warn against claims of mono-causal relationships between the economic situation of voters and turnout.     

疏肝益阳胶囊对动脉性勃起功能障碍大鼠性功能及性腺质量的作用

目的 观察中药疏肝益阳胶囊对动脉性勃起功能障碍（arteriogenic erectile dysfunction, AED）模型大鼠性功能及睾丸和附属性腺器官质量的改善作用。 方法 选取3月龄成年雄性SD大鼠50只,采用双侧髂内动脉结扎法复制AED模型。设假手术组、模型组、西地那非组（每日10.5 mg/kg）、疏肝益阳胶囊大剂量组（每日1 g/kg）、疏肝益阳胶囊小剂量组（每日0.5 g/kg）,每组10只,灌胃给药,疗程30 d。行阿朴吗啡（apomorphine, APO）试验检测性功能,取双侧睾丸及附睾、前列腺、精囊腺、球海绵体肌,称湿质量并计算质量系数。结果 APO试验显示疏肝益阳胶囊大、小剂量可显著增加AED大鼠30 min内阴茎勃起次数P<0.01）。疏肝益阳胶囊大、小剂量可显著增加AED大鼠睾丸、附睾、球海绵体肌质量系数（P<0.05）。结论 疏肝益阳胶囊可明显改善AED大鼠的性功能,并可使睾丸及其附属性器官质量系数显著增加。     

制造业同构现象与收入变动的国际比较研究——基于中国长三角地区与日本东海地区的比较

运用产业同构系数、人均GDP、人均工资等指标,比较研究了20年来中国沪苏浙地区和日本东海地区产业分工与收入差距的现状和特征,研究结果显示：产业同构系数与收入差距变化间的关系并不确定。调节产业同构现象的措施对于缩小收入差距未必有确定的、显著的作用,解决收入差距应主要运用收入分配政策。     

路试充分发出平均减速度可取信范围分析

当我们使用便携式制动性能测试仪来检验涉案车辆制动性能,为什么有时获得的充分发出的平均减速度（MFDD,mean fully developed deceleration）值会大于重力加速度g,这些较大的MFDD值与《便携式制动性能测试仪校准规范》中的测量范围是否相冲突,这些检测值在车速等运算中是否可以被采信,路试检验MFDD的有效范围是什么,鉴定业界对这些问题有着诸多争议和不同答案。本文旨在对路面摩擦系数进行讨论,并利用达朗贝尔原理建立车辆制动受力模型,从而证明高于g的充分发出的平均减速度在路试检验中可以成立,并确认了该值的可以取信范围0~l1h×g。     

重新认识光的半波损失及牛顿环中心暗斑

通过对菲涅耳反射系数的讨论, 重新认识光的 “半波损失”,指出一些大学物理教科书中在光的“半波损失”认识上的误区,重新解释了牛顿环中心暗斑的“半波损失”现象。     

收入差距拉大:构建和谐社会的阻梗

改革开放实行的差异性发展政策,形成了部分地区、部分企业和部分人的率先发展,而政策调整的滞后,使得经济发展水平的差异硬化为明显的社会差异,随着经济的进一步发展,富者愈富、穷者更穷,社会的分化和差距越来越大,收入分配差距目前已经达到可以容忍的上限。改革发展的成果不能惠及到社会的各个方面,弱势群体的心理失衡和行为失范以及由此可能导致的社会动荡,可能成为我们构建和谐社会的阻梗,疏通这一阻梗应当成为我们建设和谐社会的重要任务。     

Validation of Walkway Tribometers: Establishing a Reference Standard*

Abstract: Tribometers are mechanical devices used to measure walkway coefficient of friction (COF) for the purpose of assessing slip risk. The purpose of this study was to define a tribometer reference standard and use it to assess the performance of various tribometers. Eighty subjects were randomly assigned to walk across one of four wet walkway surfaces (polished black granite, porcelain, vinyl composition tile, and ceramic tile) to establish the relative slipperiness of each surface. Eleven tribometers were subsequently used to measure and rank the COF of all four surfaces. Our results revealed that only four of the 11 tribometers (Wessex pendulum, Sigler pendulum, Mark II, and Mark III) met our compliance criteria by both correctly ranking all four surfaces and differentiating between surfaces of varying degrees of slipperiness. Our protocol demonstrates that human gait‐based measures of slipperiness can be used to create reference standards against which tribometer measurements can be validated.     

试析当前我国居民的收入差距

目前我国居民收入差距过大,基尼系数已达到0.45以上,超过国际警戒线水平,并开始伴有"两极化"特征.城乡之间、地区之间、行业之间的收入差距过大是其主要表现.由权力资本、城乡分割、地方垄断、行业垄断以及"灰色收入"所造成的机会不平等,是导致居民收入差距过大的基本原因.当前应采取有力措施解决收入差距过大问题.     

小波子空间的抽样定理

本文首先介绍了古典仙农抽样定理,然后回顾了小波分析和多尺度分析的历史;接着,从低通滤波器系数和小波的角度刻画了小波子空间中抽样定理成立的一个充要条件,并研究了它们的对称性。