瑕疵仲裁协议效力的认定

瑕疵仲裁协议是当事人在争议发生之前或争议发生之后订立的仲裁意思表示明确、真实但内容存在些许缺陷的书面文件。一个仲裁协议是否瑕疵仲裁协议,取决于判定仲裁协议效力的法律。我国的仲裁立法对仲裁协议的有效要件规定的过于严苛,使许多当事人仲裁意思表示真实的仲裁协议被认定为瑕疵仲裁协议导致仲裁协议无效,当事人丧失了仲裁救济途径。我国的仲裁法亟待完善,亟待与国际社会接轨。我国应当以1985年联合国国际贸易法委员会《国际商事仲裁示范法》为蓝本制定我国的仲裁法律,使我国的仲裁法与各国法律保持一致,我国现在是贸易大国、海运大国,我国应该成为国际贸易争议仲裁中心和国际海事案件仲裁中心,这样才能与我国的贸易大国、海运大国地位相匹配。     

论刑事诉讼中的精神疾病司法鉴定

刑事诉讼中的精神疾病司法鉴定通常在＂有鉴定必要时＂启动,精神疾病司法鉴定人出席庭审,鉴定意见在法庭上接受质证,但是法官并不完全受制于鉴定意见。我国刑事诉讼中精神疾病司法鉴定属于职权型启动,当事人的相关权利保障不足,精神疾病司法鉴定的意见难以在庭审时接受充分质证,对精神疾病司法鉴定意见的采信缺乏统一的规则。应当加强我国司法机关运用职权启动精神疾病司法鉴定的义务,鉴定人原则上应当出庭,并规范法官对精神疾病司法鉴定意见的采信。     

法律移植与中国刑法的近代化——以《大清新刑律》为中心

《大清新刑律》是清末法律改革的产物 ,从体系到内容都移植了西方刑法。它遭到礼教派的种种责难 ,这表明清末移植西方刑法的艰难。虽然《大清新刑律》在清末没有得到实施 ,但它的颁布使中国刑法走上了近代化的道路 ,并成为民国时期刑法的重要历史渊源。     

论国际商事仲裁中证据的可采性

在国际商事仲裁中,仲裁庭具有认定证据可采性的自由裁量权,不必严格适用各国民事诉讼中的证据可采性规则。不过就一些具体的证据可采性问题,国际上形成了一般实践。仲裁庭在认定证据的可采性时,除了考虑相关性,还可能考虑效率、仲裁费用等因素。另外,仲裁庭认定证据可采性的权力并非没有限制。我国相关仲裁实践存在一些问题,与国际一般实践相脱离,应予以纠正。     

MAKING A MOUNTAIN OUT OF A MOLEHILL: A LAW AND ECONOMICS DEFENSE OF SAME‐SEX FOSTER CARE ADOPTIONS

This article explores the methods by which homosexual partners can adopt children from foster care, primarily via the stepparent adoption method because most jurisdictions do not recognize same‐sex marriage or civil unions. In establishing that the children in foster care constitute a market not in equilibrium, I explore the significant barriers to entry that homosexual partners must overcome in order to adopt a child, including the biased rules of intestate succession, the inability of homosexuals to secure health insurance or other governmental subsidies for their nonbiological, adopted children, and the apparent misconception that homosexual parenting negatively affects the well‐being of the child. By deconstructing the barriers to entry in the foster care market for children, children will be afforded the opportunity to maximize their utility through permanency, and homosexual parents and the general public can maximize their utility through the reallocation of assets away from the foster care market, given that more children are likely to be adopted once homosexuals are granted unfettered adoption rights. The reallocation of assets away from the foster care market increases social efficiency, which is desired by all.     

LESSENING THE STING OF ASFA: THE REHABILITATION‐RELAPSE DILEMMA BROUGHT ABOUT BY DRUG ADDICTION AND TERMINATION OF PARENTAL RIGHTS

Congress passed the Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997 (ASFA) as a response to children waiting in foster homes for years without permanent placement. In addressing the problem of permanency, however, Congress set a strict limit on how long a child could be in foster care (15 out of the most recent 22 months) before a state must either commence a proceeding to terminate parental rights or else lose valuable federal funding. Due to health care funding schemes and quality of treatment, this requirement, in particular, negatively impacts parents currently in drug rehabilitation whose parental rights may be permanently terminated before a realistic chance to recover is permitted. Although ASFA requires that states make “reasonable efforts” to keep families united, it does not define “reasonable efforts,” leaving parental rights and family unity subject to a chaotic interpretation of this requirement from state to state. “Reasonable efforts” should be interpreted to take into account current drug addiction and recovery research and drug court programs should be used to facilitate this goal. Research has shown that focusing on adequate treatment saves states money and improves the lives of children and their families, reducing the need for reliance on termination of parental rights.     

对电子证据作为诉讼证据几个理论问题的研究

随着网络时代的到来以及计算机在日常生活中的广泛应用,电子证据在诉讼中的频繁出现已经不可避免。文章较为系统地论述了当前有关电子证据的几个热点问题:电子证据的概念、电子证据的法律地位、电子证据的采信标准、电子证据的司法鉴定等问题。同时结合文中的观点,简要地分析了两个典型的涉及有关电子邮件、手机短信等电子证据的案例,来说明电子证据的可采性和证明力问题。     

Paths to the recognition of homo-parental adoptive rights in the EU-27: a QCA analysis

Although the recognition of the adoptive rights of LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender) couples is a socially salient topic, cross-national variation regarding this issue has been largely underexplored in social science research. With the aid of configurational analysis, this article fills this gap and shows the conditions that explain the recognition of the adoptive rights of homosexual couples in the countries of the EU-27. It is argued that two different paths led to this outcome. All countries where adoptive rights were recognized had higher degrees of secularization and lower levels of social homophobia. In addition, in Northern European countries, the Protestant background and absence of conservative governments for a certain time period seemed to be the determinant. However, for the remaining European countries that recognized these rights, rising levels of gender equality appeared to have a more salient role.     

论分类制在监所管理中的运用

分类制指监所管理部门依据一定的标准 ,将在押人员分成若干种类 ,分类监管、分级处遇的一种监所管理制度。其具有针对性、个别性、政策性、激励性等特点 ,已为世界上许多国家所采用。目前我国看守所实行了类似分类制的管理原则 ,即分管分押原则。如何将分类制合理、有效地运用到我国监所管理中 ,尚需按照我国的实际情况 ,不断探索、研究、完善。     

国际标准与采用国际标准的重要性

为适应瞬息万变的国际、国内市场信息,采用国际标准和国外先进标准非常重要,文章就国际标准的概况、检索及采用国际标准的意义作了介绍,并用实例说明采用国际标准的效果。