National liberation and the conflicting terms of discourse in South Africa: An interpretation

Abstract

Underlying the moves and countermoves of the current communal conflict in South Africa is a struggle to control the meanings of the key terms of discourse—race, nation, apartheid and socialism—by which the conflict is characterized within and outside the country. Although no definition, therefore, of any of these terms can escape politicization, there is a case, historically and with a view to a negotiated settlement, for having apartheid, the most emotion‐laden of these terms, limited to post‐1948 doctrine and practice. The foundation for a negotiated settlement unaccompanied by overt civil war must be rather detailed agreement, tacit or explicit, on what the end of apartheid means. But if there is to be such agreement, it must be the work of a broad coalition from all of the race/nations acting probably against the desires of two major groups: defenders of the status quo and proponents of revolutionary socialism.     

文化研究视角下的警察文化研究

用文化研究的思路审视当代中国警察文化的研究,既有利于文化研究的本土化,也可以为警察文化研究提供一个新的视角。就警察的形象危机而言,借鉴霍尔的＂编码/解码＂理论,对官方主导的警察剧进行受众研究,发现协商模式占了主体,但在另一些媒体尤其是网络上,对立模式也是很明显的,这就要求我们重新审视警察文化的概念。警察的自我认同可以抽象为四个模型,警察主导文化应该重视理想型价值。警察亚文化起源于基层警察,是警察文化的亚系统,在构建警察的形象与自我认同中,发生了重要作用,是我们认识警察群体的重要途径,应深入研究。     

社会转型期统战工作中的文化认同问题研究

以利益主体多样化、价值观念多元化和主导价值观弱化为特征的社会转型对当前的统战工作带来了很大的影响。本文从文化认同的视角入手,以文化认同推进政治认同、国家认同和民族认同,并在协调现代性与传统性,构建具有时代特色的基本价值观方面进行了探讨。     

Songs of seduction: popular music and Serbian nationalism

In Serbia, culture is never far removed from politics. When writing about the relationship between politics and folklore, the Serbian ethnologist Ivan * olovi ' commented that Serbian politics is saturated with folklore and that, from the late 1980s, every political leader, without exception, every political programme and every political battle made reference to folkloric texts that resorted to a raft of traditional clichés. The main vehicle for carrying the imagery, values and antagonisms of these mythical tales has been the pesma , which may be translated as either 'poem' or 'song' since the words in Serbian are interchangeable. Indeed, the traditional song has long been embedded in Serbian cultural identity, and has been inspiring Serbian nationalism since the nineteenth century. In the 1990s the stimulation of nationalism by popular and traditional Serbian songs involved a process of ethnification--a cult of the folkloric--in which popular music contributed to the estrangement, alienation and distancing of the Other. This was both a process with roots long buried in the past, as well as one that continued to flourish at the dawn of the twenty-first century. Hudson explores the impact of culture on Serbian politics, especially from the perspective of the relationship between identity formation and ethnic conflict. He investigates the links between popular musical forms and nationalism in Serbia, through an analysis of the lyrics, language and meanings of a selection of songs in a variety of different musical genres that were popular between the late nineteenth century and the beginning of the twenty-first century.     

语言认同和语境对方言变异的影响

语言或方言濒危,既有使用者的因素,也有社会的因素,认同就是影响语言变异与变化的一个重要的社会因素。一个讲话人对一种语言或方言的认同包含着三个要素：语言使用、语言意识、语言态度。根据对无锡话尖音变化的调查分析,语音演变是一个过程,语言演变的速度和方向与人们的语言意识和语言态度密切相关,这说明了语言演变的复杂性,多种因素往往既独立发展又互相影响,共同决定着尖音的发展方向。     

论文化调适过程中的个人意愿差异与趋同

文化调适是民族学长期关注的社会现象,民族学界的前辈们对其进行诸多探讨,得出了诸多带规律性的有价值的理论.然而对于个人行为在文化调适中的作用探讨得不够.本文以"瞿氏宗族的恢复过程"为例,就个人愿意或行为在文化调适中的影响力作一点尝试性探讨.从本文分析的"瞿氏宗族恢复过程中个人行为"的表现可知,文化调适的结果,绝不是某些人意愿的兑现,而是众多人的不同意愿磨合兼容后达成的整合体.     

民法理论在知识产权中的运用

知识产权属于私权性质的民事权利 ,与物权、债权、人身权既存在共性 ,也存在个性。从其共性入手 ,进而再探究其个性 ,以取得对知识产权问题的全面认识。研究知识产权 ,应当以民法原则、理论为基础 ;基于知识产权客体的无形性 ,传统民法理论和制度并不能完全适用于知识产权 ,因此 ,还要适用特殊的理论和制度体系 ,世界上大多数国家的知识产权法采取民事法律制度下制定知识产权单行法的立法模式就是最好的例证。     

Surrogacy,Identity, Parentage and Childrenʼs Rights – Through the Eyes of a Child

In this article I will focus on two important aspects of children's rights which are impacted by artificial reproductive technology (particularly surrogacy); being the rights to identity and the rights to legal parentage. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child acknowledges the importance of a child's right to identity, to be protected from discrimination on the basis of the status or beliefs of the child's parents, legal guardians or family members. For many children born through surrogacy arrangements, they may have only one or no legally recognized parent. The adults caring for them may have parental responsibility orders but this falls well short of providing children with the benefits and protections that legal parentage does. The issue of identity can be complex. Increasingly, states have recognized the importance of children knowing the circumstances of their birth and being able to access biological and genetic information including medical information. From a child's perspective the issues of identity and parenthood are intertwined. Given the importance of identity, more needs to be done to ensure that identifying information about children born as a result of artificial reproductive technology is properly stored and readily accessible for these children. Denying a child legal parentage when there are no concerns about the care being provided by their parents cannot be justified when considered from a children's rights perspective.     

村社认同如何影响政治信任? ——公民参与和个人传统性的作用

【问题】政治信任是支撑政治系统运行的重要心理基础,对推进政民良性互动、提升公众的政府支持具有重要意义。村、社区是公众的社会生活共同体和国家治理的基本单元,人们对村社的认同如何转化为对政治系统的信任以及此过程受到何种条件的影响,这将是本研究尝试探究的问题。【方法】论文基于95个行政村和城镇社区的5040份有效数据,将村社认同作为高层级变量,运用多水平结构方程模型和贝叶斯可信区间估计,对所提出的跨层级的“有调节的中介模型”进行检验。【发现】村社认同对个体的政治信任水平具有显著的正向预测作用,且公民参与在二者关系中具有部分中介作用。同时,个人传统性不仅在村社认同和公民参与关系中具有显著的负向影响,也能进一步调节村社认同与政治信任的间接关系。具体来看,在不同水平的个人传统性下,村社认同差异通过公民参与对政治信任影响的间接效应表现出来。【贡献】论文从政治心理学的视角出发,揭示了“村社认同→公民参与→政治信任”这一中介作用路径,并进一步分析了个体传统性变量对上述影响机制作用发挥的边界效应,为理解和分析本土情境下公众的政治信任发生机制提供了可鉴路径,对激发公民参与、提升政治信任和推动基层治理转型的治理实践具有启示。