云南少数民族风俗禁忌与公安工作研究

云南地处祖国边陲,少数民族众多,风俗禁忌复杂,在公安工作中必须采取十分谨慎的态度,严格按照党的民族改革和法律办事,正确处理少数民族风俗禁忌问题,巩固和发展各民族团结和睦的局面,尊重少数民族的自治权利、语言文字和风俗习惯,为构建和谐社会、维护边疆稳定、推进云南现代化建设和对外开放提供坚实的保障。     

论宪法调整的社会关系

任何法律都要调整一定的社会关系，所不同的是，宪法不调整一般的社会关系，而是调整国家重大社会关系，具体包括国家与公民之间的关系，国家与政党之间的关系；国家机关与国家机关之间的关系；国家机关内部之间的关系；国家与全社会之间的关系；国家与其他国家或者国际组织之间的关系。     

Ensuring Insurance for Foster Care: Requiring Foster Parents to Obtain Liability Insurance to Cover Harm Done to Foster Children in their Care

This Note proposes that all states should require that foster parents have liability insurance before children are placed in their care. This Note also proposes that the liability insurance needs to cover not just harm to third parties but also harm to the foster children through the negligent acts of the foster parents. This legislation will allow foster children to have standing to bring claims against their foster parents and insurance companies and give them a greater opportunity for recovery. Currently, the policies and statutes governing the policies in place do not cover all types of harm that can occur during the foster parent–child relationship. Certain policies leave children who are harmed by their foster parents’ negligence unable to recover any damages from the people who have harmed them. Because foster parents can be left to defend the actions themselves, they often become judgment proof due to their low income, leaving the children who are harmed with little chance of recovery.

Key Points for the Family Court Community:
• States need to require foster parents to obtain liability insurance, which covers harm done by the foster children to third parties, harm to the home, and any harm done to the child by the foster parents.

     

State and Democratization in Nigeria

The articles interrogates the relationship between democratization and people power in Nigeria. It argues that the broadening of the Nigerian public sphere has not led to reciprocal development of democratic principles and practice. As civilian rule reigns and economic growth is reported, Nigeria’s democratization is fraught with many challenges. Democratization remains questionable in Nigeria; it is rudimentary and distorted by irregularities. These have had implications for national development and human securities as the poverty level worsens and acclaimed economic growth and “democratic dividends” fail to enhance Nigerians’ quality of life. The trivialization of democratization raises critical questions about its state and relevance to Nigerians and the Nigerian state. Is Nigeria democratizing or de-democratizing? How does the democratization process bring the Nigerian people closer to state (power)? How has it helped their developmental quests? The article contends that Nigeria’s democratization process is indeed on trial. As Ake argues, Nigerian state democratization does not only trivialize the essence of democracy—it also continues to reverse the democratization process. Against this background, the article concludes that the democratization process in Nigeria requires elite political will and people’s consciousness to advance to the next stage for better democratic consolidated and economic development relevant to Nigerians.     

论国家义务的价值基础

人性尊严是最高位阶的客观价值,是人类永远追求的目标。人性尊严之彰显,将促进生成民众合法性信念,达成普遍利益认同与共识,从而形成有普遍约束力的规范,成为最高判断标准与根本规范,是全体法规范价值体系的根源。人性尊严为国家义务提供了坚实的合法性与正当性基础,是国家义务的妥当性规范。     

家庭、国家与儿童福利供给

儿童抚育事务在传统上主要由家庭承担。工业革命之后,西方国家才开始系统关注并发展儿童社会福利,为抚育儿童的父母提供制度化的国家支持,并对父母亲权的实践进行国家监督。尽管不同的儿童社会福利理论对于如何界定家庭与国家在儿童抚育与儿童福利供给过程中的关系模式存有分歧,但是,关注得不到家庭适当抚育的儿童的福利,并为其提供必要的福利服务,已经成为现代国家的共识。鉴于我国传统的以家庭为主的儿童抚育模式出现失灵,积极发展选择性的儿童福利服务具有其充分的合理性。     

中俄“国家年” 合作新起点

中俄举办“国家年”活动是两国元首做出的政治决定。这是今明两年中俄关系的主线,也是两国对外关系中的大事。“国家年”活动旨在进一步加强双方政治互信,推动政治、经济、科技、军事、人文等各领域合作,宣传《中俄睦邻友好合作条约》确立的“世代友好、永不为敌”的和平思想,巩固中俄友好的社会基础,推动中俄战略协作伙伴关系迈向更高水平。     

谈依法治国与边防检查

边防检查是最具侵犯性的一种行政权力。在依法治国的方略下,如何完善边防检查法规体系,如何坚持依法行政,提高出入境管理水平,是边防检查机关面临的新课题。     

‘Paz,progreso, justicia y honradez’: law and citizenship in Alta Verapaz during the regime of Jorge Ubico⋆

Prospects for the ‘rule of law’ in the present are shaped by historical experiences of law by elite and non‐elite groups in the past. In this article I explore changing conceptions and practices of‘rights’and‘justice’as expressed in the legal and administrative encounters between indigenous people and state officials during the regime of Jorge Ubico (1931–1944). The extension of the state's coercive and administrative apparatus to remote rural areas, new legislation and changes in public administration transformed relations between working people, coffee fmqueros and the state in Guatemala. This implied new obligations and exactions for Mayans, but also provided them with new opportunities to contest and negotiate their conditions. Indigenous people strategically engaged with the law to contest the terms of their domination by elite actors and to mediate conflicts between themselves. As state ideologies of‘moral behaviour’led to increasing regulation of the private sphere, this was particularly important in the case of conflicts over gendered rights and obligations. Although formally excluded from the category of citizens, indigenous people used the official language and discourse of citizenship to further their claims, in turn reshaping Guatemalan nation‐state.     

关于刑事责任年龄的思考——刑事责任年龄的界定不能脱离本国国情

与世界上一些发达国家以及在亚洲地区同我国相类似的国家和地区相比。我国刑法关于刑事责任年龄的界定明显偏高，不符合我国现阶段及更长一段时间的国情。我们主张，面对迅猛上升的少年犯罪问题，适当降低我国的刑事责任年龄，并设置有别于成人的较轻缓和灵活的法律处分，对犯罪少年的行为和品格进行及时有效地矫正。