作为规制工具的成本收益分析——以美国的理论与实践为例

成本收益分析是美国行政法上一项行之有效的规制影响分析工具。在当代行政法中有效运用成本收益分析,不仅可以起到提高资源配置效率、优化行政规制的作用,而且还能提升现代行政的合法性。通过考察相关案例可以发现,美国司法审查对成本收益分析的态度是一个从否定到肯定的渐进过程,经历了从"如果国会法律没有明确规定,行政机关就不能使用",到"如果国会法律没有明确规定,行政机关可以不使用",再到"如果国会法律没有明确禁止,行政机关就能使用"的变化过程。成本与收益的计算可以通过市场评估法和非市场评估法予以确定。美国行政法上的成本收益分析在质疑与批判中不断发展完善。     

东北区域经济一体化的可行性分析

当前,对于市场经济发展已相对滞后的东北地区而言,要缩小与沿海发达地区的差异,重振雄风,必须进行跨越式发展。区域经济一体化是实现这一目标的最优路径。根据对成本和收益的比较来分析东北区域经济的发展,其具备区域经济一体化的必要性和现实性,只要采取有效措施,东北区域经济一体化是指日可待的。     

媒体事件中的网络意见领袖研究

当危机事件转化成媒体事件的时候,新闻和媒体帮助建构了一种共享的社会危机现象,网络意见领袖“脱颖而出”。网络意见领袖的产生需有客观的媒体环境。在媒体事件中,网络意见领袖呈现阶段性的特征,并有自身独特的网络媒介能力和媒价策略。     

The legal effect of EU Regulations

The EU institutions are increasingly addressing harmonisation by means of regulation rather than the traditional use of directives. This is particularly impacting areas such as data protection, financial services regulation and European standardisation in Information and Communications Technology. More broadly, using directly applicable regulations which may have horizontal and vertical direct effect rather than directives has important administrative and constitutional implications for their application in national law and impacts on Member States' discretion to implement supplementary legislation which falls within the remit of the regulation in question. This is of particular concern where governments implement policies which might be in contravention of these rules. This may be the case in relation to the UK government's public procurement policy which mandates royalty free standards rather than royalty bearing standards with the option for the licence holder to licence royalty free.     

A fatal interaction: The role of the victim and function of aggression in intrafamilial homicide

Abstract

This study examines the interaction between the victim and offender during intrafamilial homicide. It is hypothesised that in order to understand the fatal consequences of the interaction, a psychological model must take into account both the role of the victim, as either a significant person or non-significant object, and the function of the aggression, as either instrumental or expressive. The combination of these two proposed facets gives rise to four hypothesised styles of intrafamilial homicide. This hypothesis was tested by analysing 191 intrafamilial homicide cases from the Chicago HITS database. Fifty two crime-scene actions were analysed using Smallest Space Analysis which revealed four distinct thematic clusters of variables. These themes corresponded to the hypothesised facets of victim role and function of aggression. Two related to expressive acts, (a) those murders where the offender kills multiple members of his family and subsequently takes his own life, and (b) cases where the victim is not treated as a significant person in the interaction but is simply used as a target for the offender's rage. The other two relate to instrumental acts, (c) those murders that are a culmination of years of abuse in which the offender sees the killing as the only means of escape, and (d) homicides where the victim is seen as an obstacle to the offender achieving a goal and is removed.

A further test of the validity of these four themes in describing distinct forms of interaction within intrafamilial homicide was to examine the proportion of cases which could be classified according to the framework. The hypothesis that each relationship would map onto just one of the interactional styles was tested by χ² which confirmed that such exclusive relationships existed at the p < .001 level of significance. This has theoretical as well as practical implications in that in using this method of classification it may be possible to infer which family member is responsible for killing their relative.     

中国古代证据制度的思想基础及特点分析

以中华法系为代表的中国古代法制文明在世界法律史中占有重要地位,也是中国古代文明的体现。法律制度的设计必须与其所处的经济、社会制度与环境相适应．古代中国法律体现了这点．作为法律制度一部分、对于事实的认定、纠纷的解决具有重要影响的证据制度也是如此。中国古代证据制度在设计及实施过程中受到了古代哲学、伦理观念、心理学等因素的影响,同时也与当时的生产力水平相适应。中国古代证据制度具有与西方不同的特征。这与中国古代对人的重视、以儒家为主导的哲学观念、当时的生产力水平以及家法宗族的统治密切相关。     

Contextual Effects on Individual Voting Behavior: The Case of Taiwan

This study investigates the voting behavior of the Taiwanese electorate in two different levels of election by taking into account two aggregate-level effects, namely the political and economic contextual effects. Using both individual-level and aggregate-level data to study the 2008 legislative election and the 2012 presidential election in Taiwan, this paper not only confirms that the valence politics explanation outperforms other individual-level voting models in the legislative election and in other elections in Taiwan, but also demonstrates how the two contextual effects influence individual voting behavior. Specifically, the political contextual effect had influence on the individual electoral choice in both the 2008 legislative election and the 2012 presidential election, whereas economic contexts only affect voters’ decision when choosing a president. The multilevel analysis reveals that different individual-level voting models could provide partial explanation for voting behavior; however, the findings also show that we may overlook how contextual effects may affect the electoral choice.     

我国频发劫持人质事件的原因浅析

文章作者通过文献资料查阅和对大量案例分析,归纳出了恐怖主义的模仿效应和改革对人们利益的触动等是频发劫持人质事件的主要原因。     

传媒暴力影响青少年犯罪的心理学分析

在信息全球化过程中,传媒暴力已经渗透到社会的各个角落,侵蚀着青少年的身心健康,诱发青少年犯罪。因此,研究传媒暴力对青少年犯罪的心理影响已经成为亟待解决的社会问题。文章从社会心理学角度出发,对传媒暴力影响青少年犯罪的心理进行分析,并针对性地提出了相应的对策。     

公司减资制度初探

我国公司法的修订 ,迫切需要探讨减资制度的发展路径。“减资”之外延 ,在三种资本制度下 ,概念各异 ;就其内涵 ,减资分为实质性减资与形式性减资 :前者导致净资产从公司流出 ;后者则仅仅是资本额减少 ,不发生净资产的流动。在减资过程中 ,尤其需要考量公司股东与债权人的利益