加强网吧管理与预防青少年违法犯罪

网吧经营不规范,管理不到位,导致网吧不良资讯泛滥。网吧提供虚幻、暴力、色情等有害信息,严重影响青少年身心健康,甚至诱发青少年违法犯罪,使青少年误入歧途。因此,应该采取有力措施,加强网吧安全管理,预防青少年违法犯罪。     

The ‘beyond parental control’ label in Nigeria

Recent reports in Nigeria indicate a geometric rise in incarcerated adolescents, with an overwhelming majority of this increase being attributed to adolescents being declared ‘beyond parental control’. There is a nagging suspicion that the Nigerian juvenile justice system has over criminalised adolescents by declaring them ‘beyond control’ when behavioural problems have actually resulted from child abuse/neglect and family disruption. A study was undertaken in a juvenile justice institution in Nigeria to assess the adequacy of pre-incarceration parental care among adolescents that had been declared as ‘beyond parental control’. The study included 75 adolescent boys that had been declared as ‘beyond parental control’ and a comparison group of 144 matched school going boys. It examined self-reports received from the adolescent boys regarding their pre-incarceration family life and social circumstances, as well as the behavioural problems they had experienced. The findings indicate that adolescent boys who were declared as ‘beyond parental control’ had a significantly higher lifetime history of behavioural problems than the comparison group, and they also had significantly higher indicators of pre-incarceration child abuse/neglect and problems with stability and consistency of primary support. These findings pose questions regarding the presumption of adequate parental care prior to the declaration of ‘beyond parental control’. It also raises questions about child rights protection and juvenile justice reform in Nigeria.     

A descriptive study of juvenile family violence: Data from intervention order applications in a Childrens Court

There is increasing recognition that family violence may be perpetrated by juveniles against their parents and siblings, however empirical research regarding the nature and causes of such violence is relatively limited. This study examines juvenile family violence in the context of an Intervention Order (IO) being sought against a relative aged 18 years or less. All cases over a 3-year period involving an IO application in a major metropolitan Children's Court in Australia were analysed (n = 438). The majority of applicants/victims were parents (78%) and to a lesser extent siblings (11%) and other relatives (9%). Most parents who sought applications were mothers (63%) and one-parent households were over-represented (66%). The majority of defendants/perpetrators were male (69%), though juvenile females constituted a significant minority (31%). Intervention orders were sought to prohibit property damage (61%), physical assaults (59%) and/or threats (53%). According to the victim reports, these behaviours emerged in the context of prolonged behavioural problems (49%), a desire to intimidate the victim (12%) or retaliation (8%). While 44% of IO applications were granted, the majority were not (56%) due to the victim discontinuing the application prior to a formal hearing. Of the orders that were granted, a third (32%) were subsequently reported as having been breached. Juvenile family violence is a serious social problem that requires more systematic research to identify the correlates of this behaviour and effective interventions to prevent or reduce its occurrence.     

台湾少年观护制度性质之辨简

台湾少年法制承袭于大陆法系,经过“以教代刑”、“教刑并重”、“以教代刑”司法理念的转变后,台湾地区建立了保护处分与刑事处分双轨并行、保护处分优先的少年司法处遇模式,而以个别化、社会化理念为基础建立起来的少年观护制度亦是台湾少年事件法处理中极具特色的非监禁性少年犯处遇方法.然关于少年观护制度性质的确定,却是百家争鸣,无一准确定义.少年观护制度（保护管束）,既是保安处分中保护管束的分支,又是保护处分制度的一大类别,具有超越刑罚、超越保安处分、超越保护处分的性质.     

社会调查制度在未成年犯矫治中的应用——基于循证矫正理论的视角

以引入社会调查制度为视角，结合当前在北京未成年犯管教所运用社会调查制度推进循证矫正的实践探索，从理论和实践层面论证在未成年犯矫治中引入社会调查制度和循证矫正方法的必要性，推动循证矫正理论的应用。     

南疆青少年犯罪原因探析及预防对策

随着社会的快速发展,我国政府密切关注青少年犯罪并出台了相应的政策来预防青少年犯罪,但青少年犯罪态势依然较为严峻,成为国家治理的一大难题。青少年是国家的未来,加强对青少年犯罪及原因实证研究,并提出针对性对策尤为重要。以新疆南疆青少年为研究对象,通过资料分析法和实证调研法研究发现:影响南疆青少年犯罪的因素包括家庭环境、经济条件、学校教育和社会风气。为此,国家及有关部门可以加大对南疆地区的扶贫力度、创新社会管理制度、鼓励家庭教育和学校教育并重及加强司法机构与社区监督机制,以防控青少年犯罪。     

“She's Nobody's Child/the Law Can't Touch Her at All”: Seeking to Bring Dignity to Legal Proceedings Involving Juveniles

Inquiries into a range of issues involving juveniles in the psychiatric hospitalization and criminal trial process reveal that, regularly, juveniles are subject to shame and humiliation in all aspects of the legal system that relate to arrest, trial, conviction, and institutionalization, shame and humiliation that are often exacerbated in cases involving racial minorities and those who are economically impoverished. We contextualize them into the juvenile justice system, and look specifically at how this is reflected in the case law. We then consider these findings through the filters of therapeutic jurisprudence and international human rights laws, concluding that these approaches best remediate the current state of affairs and infuse this system with badly‐needed dignity.     

在家庭中开展毒品预防教育的必要性及可行性

近年来,我国青少年吸毒人数增长较快,吸毒产生的危害性已成为社会普遍关注的问题。青少年吸毒成瘾与社会环境、人格养成和家庭背景等多种因素密切相关,其中家庭因素是可能导致青少年吸毒成瘾的主要因素,也是可能导致青少年产生其他问题行为的因素。因此,在家庭中开展预防药物滥用的工作将会对青少年其他的风险行为产生有益的影响。本文通过探讨易产生青少年吸毒问题的家庭行为特点及其影响因素,试图对家庭有针对性地开展毒品的预防和教育工作提供一点积极的建议和参考,这将对我国毒品预防教育的全面开展具有重要的意义。     

Cross-ethnic generalizability of the three-factor model of psychopathy: the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory in an incarcerated sample of native Dutch and Moroccan immigrant boys

Background

Previous research provides support for the existence of the psychopathy construct in youths. However, studies regarding the psychometric properties of psychopathy measures with ethnic minority youths are lacking.

Methods

In the present study, the three-factor structure of the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory (YPI) was examined for both native Dutch youth (N = 158) and an ethnic minority group, Moroccans (N = 141), in an incarcerated adolescent population in the Netherlands.

Results

Our results showed that the three-factor structure of the YPI is comparable across an ethnic majority and an ethnic minority group in an incarcerated sample in the Netherlands. Moreover, associations between psychopathic traits and mental health problems were similar for both ethnic groups.

Conclusion

The results support the cross-ethnic generalizability of the three-factor model of psychopathy as measured through the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory.     

An Ecological Examination of Factors That Impact Well‐Being Among Developmentally‐Disabled Youth in the Juvenile Justice System

Youth with developmental disabilities make up a large proportion of those in the juvenile justice system, and experience various unique and intricate threats to their well‐being. This review examines the complexity of these challenges, exploring the multiple levels of contextual factors that influence youth's well‐being as they experience adjudication. Using an ecological framework, this paper reviews findings on the individual socio‐demographic characteristics, as well as the micro, meso, exo, and macro factors that impact their development and functioning. Specific policy and practice implications are provided to address improving outcomes of youth in this population at each ecological level.