论未成年犯规划矫治系统的建立——以推进监狱刑罚执行功能科学实现为目的

未成年人规划矫治是当今世界各国还未普遍采用的一种矫治方式.在我国监狱系统,这项工作还未起步,主要原因是对未成年犯规划矫治系统建设的必要性缺乏足够的认识,导致这项矫治措施在实践中利用不多,收效不大.但是只要我国对此课题加以重视,势必会在遏制违法犯罪、提高刑罚功效和促进未成年人健康成长方面走在世界的前列.     

网络暴力游戏对青少年违法犯罪行为的诱发与防治

网络暴力游戏具有血腥、逼真、交互性和竞技性强的特征,与青少年违法犯罪有一定的关联性。当务之急的应因对策是趋利避害,采取加强网络法治管理、加强网络科技管理、划分网络游戏级别、研发适龄益智游戏、各界携手教育青少年等措施,从而减少和预防控制网络暴力游戏引发青少年违法犯罪的因素,为青少年健康成长铺平道路。     

决策树算法在未成年人犯罪成因中的应用研究

犯罪成因的分析在未成年人犯罪研究中起着重要的作用，而分类算法在分析犯罪成因上是卓有成效的。决策树算法是分类算法中一类重要的算法，其中以C4．5算法最为流行，但这种算法在时间复杂性和增量式学习方面还不是很理想，因此有必要对其进行改进。     

论我国未成年人犯罪个人资料保护

未成年人犯罪个人资料保护是我国现行法律法规中较为薄弱的一个部分,现行规定较为模糊和笼统,和当前法治发展要求进一步加大对未成年人的保护趋势不相适应。针对现存的保护时间节点过窄、责任主体不明、抹销制度与前科报告三大问题提出相应立法和司法建议,力求符合未成年人犯罪个人资料保护的时代发展要求,完善我国未成年人犯罪个人资料保护。     

Empathy deficits of sexual offenders: A conceptual model

Most treatment programmes for sexual offenders include some form of victim empathy training. Although the concept of empathy has acquired diverse meanings, those interested in sexual offenders' empathy deficits are primarily concerned about the offenders' lack of compassion or sympathy for their victims. A model of empathy is presented in which uncompassionate responses are the product of three initial conditions: a) an adversarial or indifferent relationship; b) perspective-taking deficits; and c) inappropriate methods for coping with the perceived distress of others. The model suggests that empathy training should target specific deficits, and that misdirected interventions would be expected to have no effects, or even detrimental effects, on the offenders' ability to generate sympathetic, compassionate responses to victims.     

Image conditions for machine-based face recognition of juvenile faces

Machine-based facial recognition could help law enforcement and other organisations to match juvenile faces more efficiently. It is especially important when dealing with indecent images of children to minimise the workload, and deal with moral and stamina challenges related to human recognition. With growth related changes, juvenile face recognition is challenging. The challenge not only relates to the growth of the child’s face, but also to face recognition in the wild with unconstrained images. The aim of the study was to evaluate how different conditions (i.e. black and white, cropped, blur and resolution reduction) can affect machine-based facial recognition of juvenile age progression. The study used three off-the-shelf facial recognition algorithms (Microsoft Face API, Amazon Rekognition, and Face++) and compared the original images and the age progression images under the four image conditions against an older image of the child. The results showed a decrease in facial similarity with an increased age gap, in comparison to Microsoft; Amazon and Face++ showed higher confidence scores and are more resilient to a change in image condition. The image condition ‘black and white’ and ‘cropped’ had a negative effect across all three APIs. The relationship between age progression images and the younger original image was explored. The results suggest manual age progression images are no more useful than the original image for facial identification of missing children, and Amazon and Face++ performed better with the original image.     

未成年人案件刑事和解的探索与实践

刑事和解制度是当今司法文明发展的趋势,在未成年人刑事案件中引入刑事和解制度是贯彻宽严相济刑事司法政策的需要。目前该制度尚处于探索阶段,其含义、原则、程序、法律后果和检察机关所处地位等问题均有待深入探讨。在现有法律框架下,通过本土化的实践最大限度地体现刑事和解的精神内涵,推进未成年人案件刑事和解制度的理性发展显得尤为重要。     

在虚拟与现实之间——对我省青少年网络道德和现实道德状况的研究报告

对我省青少年网络道德和现实道德状况的调查显示:大多数青少年能理性地面对网络,但也有少数青少年沉溺于网络;青少年的网络本质观基本是正确的,但对网络的使用存在偏差;青少年道德观念和道德行为的主流是正确的、积极的,但在网络虚拟世界和现实真实世界有着不同的表现。问题的原因:道德教育主体比较单一,未能在全社会范围内形成一种德育合力;网民教育还未真正纳入教育体系之中;道德教育缺乏应有的实效;现实道德环境的缺失。我们认为在青少年道德教育中,道德教育主体应三者并重,形成家庭、学校、社会三位一体的教育网络;道德教育内容应具体化,突出基本道德规范教育;道德教育途径应多样化,教育主体必须充分利用网络中介开展德育活动;道德教育方式要增强针对性,提高实效性;道德教育体系应有系统性,它的运行和发展需要社会其它领域的支持、需要其它社会意识形式的支持、需要德育管理的支持。     

论犯罪断念的塑成路径

犯罪断念是抛却未成年阶段暂时性偏离社会规范要求的行为模式变化。成功塑造犯罪断念的首要根据是处于转型时期的越轨青少年的内部条件改适。外部因素激励犯罪断念的渐次展开。规律的作息、接受正规的职业教育、正常的就业能够减少与沾染不良习气同龄人的非正当接触。政策控制是塑成犯罪断念的第三层次的影响因素。聚焦于心理帮助、道德规范指引、技术培养、能力训练等项目的政策控制相对更能引导青少年与反社会行为决裂。     

Stereotypes influence beliefs about transfer and sentencing of juvenile offenders

Despite sharp drops in juvenile crime since the mid-1980s, punitive policies regarding juveniles who commit serious offenses still exist. We assessed beliefs about two such practices: transferring offenders from the juvenile justice to the criminal justice system, and subjecting them to sentences of life without parole (LWOP). We examined whether stereotypes about juvenile offenders – the extent to which people believe they are dispositionally violent superpredators versus economically and socially impoverished wayward youth – influence support for these policies. We measured 321 participants’ beliefs about the causes of juvenile crime and juveniles’ potential for recidivism and rehabilitation. Using vignette methodology and actual case facts, we described a 13-, 17-, or 21-year-old offender who murdered a stranger or abusive parent, and asked whether he should be transferred to criminal court and sentenced to LWOP. As endorsement of the superpredator stereotype increased, so did support for these practices. Offenders who murdered an abusive parent were shown more leniency. Older offenders were generally treated harsher, except by people with strong superpredator stereotypes who, on the issue of LWOP appropriateness, did not distinguish among juveniles of different ages. Findings suggest that stereotypes can influence judgments in cases involving juveniles and indirectly affect policy-making about juvenile offending.