中国的朝鲜半岛政策评估——历史经验、当前成果与若干不足

中国的朝鲜半岛政策,历经朝贡体系、条约体系、冷战体系和冷战后体系四个主要阶段。从历史经验来看,一是中国的朝鲜半岛政策总体上以友好为主线、以和平为目的;二是中国的强大有助于朝鲜半岛的稳定与发展;三是当中国衰落时,朝鲜半岛往往成为外部入侵的跳板;四是制度化的安排有助于中国与朝鲜半岛国家关系的稳定发展;五是适时调整外交政策才能够不断获得滚动收益。当前中国对朝鲜半岛政策的主要成果,一是"北南并重"造就了中国在朝鲜半岛的独特政治地位;二是六方会谈成为解决朝核问题的重要机制;三是中国与朝鲜半岛国家经济合作取得显著成果,合作前景广阔;四是睦邻友好关系形成了良好的民间基础。不足之处,一是"等距离"外交带来了实质性差距;二是原则性政策突出,操作性策略不足;三是在朝鲜半岛事务沟通斡旋当中的桥梁作用有待进一步加强;四是中朝韩三边关系缺少战略性的统筹规划。     

中国朝鲜族H19基因上游差异甲基化区SNP分布

目的调查中国朝鲜族群体中H19基因上游差异甲基化区(differentially methylated region,DMR)SNP及单倍型分布,为法医学应用及群体遗传学研究提供基础数据。方法收集中国朝鲜族101份无关个体血样和14份来自5个亲缘关系已知的两代家系血样,用PCR-循环测序、McrBC消化DNA后PCR方法检测H19基因上游DMR的SNP,并用亲源印记等位基因(parentally imprinted allele,PIA)分型法进行单倍型检测,再计算相关遗传学参数。结果在H19基因上游DMR 1174bp的目的基因扩增产物中,共检出13个SNP(rs10840167、rs2525883、rs12417375、rs4930101、rs2525882、rs2735970、rs2735971、rs11042170、rs2735972、rs10732516、rs2071094、rs2107425、rs4930098)和5种单倍型,有9个SNP属于高鉴别能力的遗传标记,其单倍型具有较高的个人识别率,单倍型平均基因多样性(GD)为0.714。应用McrBC酶消化基因组DNA的PIA分型法确定了家系子代样本的母源单倍型。结论 H19基因上游DMR在中国朝鲜族群体中具有很高的遗传多态性,母源单倍型的确定进一步提高了印记基因的法医学鉴定效能。     

Haplotypes for 12 Y-chromosomal STR loci in a Korean population (the central region)

Haplotypes and allele frequencies of 12 STR loci included in the PowerPlex Y system (DYS391, DYS389I, DYS439, DYS389II, DYS438, DYS437, DYS19, DYS392, DYS393, DYS390, and DYS385a/b) were obtained from a sample of 569 unrelated individuals living in the central region of Korea. A total of 473 haplotypes were observed in the 569 individuals studied, of which 426 (90.06%) were unique. The overall haplotype diversity for the 12 Y-STR loci was 0.9985, and the discrimination capacity was 0.8313. In DYS439, we found a new intermediate-sized allele that added an A at base 3 upstream from the repeat region's first GATA motif. The allele was named 11 (U3Ains) according to its sequence structure.     

What price a child? Commodification and Australian adoption practice 1850–1950

The issue of premiums has always proved problematic for advocates of benevolent adoption for whom the involvement of money tainted an exchange that was meant to be grounded in love. This paper argues that the shifting relationship between supply and demand has meant that there has always been a market in children and that adoption was one of the more prominent mechanisms used to regulate that exchange. Drawing on a database of 25000 advertisements placed in Australian newspapers during the so-called century of the child, it analyses the ways in which children were rendered desirable in a competitive market. Analysing the more than 3000 advertisements in which it was made clear that money, known at the time as a premium, was to change hands, it casts new light on the commodification process involved in adoption, identifying a mismatch between the preferences of those seeking and those needing to dispose of children. It identifies a market that was highly responsive to the environment in which it was operating and proved remarkably resilient in the face of the increasing regulation of adoption. By viewing adoption through the lens of the market, it questions the notion that the ‘best interests of the child’ have always necessarily prevailed.     

Microscopic Age Estimation from the Anterior Cortex of the Femur in Korean Adults*

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to develop age‐predicting equations from the anterior cortex of the femur of Korean adults. Seventy‐two femoral samples (44 male and 28 female) were obtained from Korean cadavers and used to develop the equations. The thin sections (<100‐μm thick) were prepared by manual grinding; the sections were not decalcified and were stained with Villanueva bone stain reagent. Analysis of covariance showed no significant differences in age‐adjusted histomorphological variables between sexes. In stepwise regression analysis, osteon population density, average osteon area, and the most anterior cortical width were selected for an age‐predicting equation which produced a high regression correlation (R² = 0.789). The average Haversian canal area was not significantly related to age for any specimen.     

Paths to the recognition of homo-parental adoptive rights in the EU-27: a QCA analysis

Although the recognition of the adoptive rights of LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender) couples is a socially salient topic, cross-national variation regarding this issue has been largely underexplored in social science research. With the aid of configurational analysis, this article fills this gap and shows the conditions that explain the recognition of the adoptive rights of homosexual couples in the countries of the EU-27. It is argued that two different paths led to this outcome. All countries where adoptive rights were recognized had higher degrees of secularization and lower levels of social homophobia. In addition, in Northern European countries, the Protestant background and absence of conservative governments for a certain time period seemed to be the determinant. However, for the remaining European countries that recognized these rights, rising levels of gender equality appeared to have a more salient role.     

论分类制在监所管理中的运用

分类制指监所管理部门依据一定的标准 ,将在押人员分成若干种类 ,分类监管、分级处遇的一种监所管理制度。其具有针对性、个别性、政策性、激励性等特点 ,已为世界上许多国家所采用。目前我国看守所实行了类似分类制的管理原则 ,即分管分押原则。如何将分类制合理、有效地运用到我国监所管理中 ,尚需按照我国的实际情况 ,不断探索、研究、完善。     

法律移植与中国刑法的近代化——以《大清新刑律》为中心

《大清新刑律》是清末法律改革的产物 ,从体系到内容都移植了西方刑法。它遭到礼教派的种种责难 ,这表明清末移植西方刑法的艰难。虽然《大清新刑律》在清末没有得到实施 ,但它的颁布使中国刑法走上了近代化的道路 ,并成为民国时期刑法的重要历史渊源。     

对电子证据作为诉讼证据几个理论问题的研究

随着网络时代的到来以及计算机在日常生活中的广泛应用,电子证据在诉讼中的频繁出现已经不可避免。文章较为系统地论述了当前有关电子证据的几个热点问题:电子证据的概念、电子证据的法律地位、电子证据的采信标准、电子证据的司法鉴定等问题。同时结合文中的观点,简要地分析了两个典型的涉及有关电子邮件、手机短信等电子证据的案例,来说明电子证据的可采性和证明力问题。